Transformation properties of the transverse mass under transverse Lorentz boosts at hadron colliders

The transverse mass of semi-invisibly decaying particles, calculated from the transverse momenta of their decay products, has been used in a broad range of searches and measurements at hadron colliders, such as the LHC. This variable is invariant by construction under Lorentz boosts purely in the longitudinal (beam) direction, thereby minimising sensitivity to fluctuations in the fractions of the proton momentum carried by the colliding partons. In this paper we examine, by contrast, the properties of the transverse mass under boosts with a component also in the transverse plane perpendicular to the beam direction. We show that this variable is invariant under such boosts in cases where the boost is purely transverse and (a) the momenta of the decay products are confined to the transverse plane in the rest frame of the parent particle and/or (b) the transverse momenta of the decay products are perpendicular to the boost direction. We discuss the transformation properties of the transverse mass in the case of combined transverse and longitudinal boosts and identify the criteria under which the transverse mass in the laboratory frame can equal the rest mass of the parent particle, irrespective of its value in the rest frame of the parent.Comment: 7 pages double column, 7 figures, formatted for EPJ

Measuring the Mass of the Lightest Chargino at the CERN LHC

Results are presented of a feasibility study of techniques for measuring the mass of the lightest chargino at the CERN LHC. These results suggest that for one particular mSUGRA model a statistically significant chargino signal can be identified and the chargino mass reconstructed with a precision of order 11% for of order 100 fb-1 of data.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the workshop: Les Houches 2003: Physics at TeV Scale Collider

Inclusive SUSY Searches and Measurements at ATLAS

Results of a new study of the discovery potential within mSUGRA parameter space of inclusive searches for SUSY at ATLAS are presented. These results indicate that superior performance is provided by the jets + missing ET channel in which no requirements are placed upon lepton multiplicity. The sensitivity of this and other channels is mapped in m0 - m1/2 parameter space for four different values of tan(beta) with similar performance being obtained in all cases Inclusive measurements of the effective mass scale and total production cross-section of supersymmetric particles are also discussed and results presented of a study of the likely measurement precision

The Consumptive Use of Water in Milford Valley, Utah

Consumptive use, as used in this thesis, is defined as the sum of the volumes of water used by the vegetative growth of a given area in transpiration and building of plant tissue and that evaporated from adjacent soil, snow, or intercepted precipitation of the area in any specified time, divided by the given area. If the unit of time is small, the consumptive use is expressed in acre-inches per acre or depth in inches, whereas, if the unit of time is large, such as growing season or a 12-month period, the consumptive use is expressed as acre-feet per acre or depth in feet or inches

Children\u27s Perceptions of Oral and Silent Reading

The traditional common-sense way to teach reading has been viewed as a process of helping individual children sound-out unrecognized words as they read orally with their peers and teacher following along in a text. If a word is miscalled or not at tempted, both the teacher and children are eager to offer the pronunciation. Besides the embarrassment which accompanies such a practice (Holt, 1969), this simplistic mechanistic approach tends to condition children to view reading as a word-centered oral activity. Perceiving reading as a visual meaning-centered process is the last thing many children think of (Doake, 1976; Tovey, 1976)

Nonvisual Aspects of Reading

Psycholinguistic research has recently characterized reading as a communicative process whereby the reader predicts the thoughts of an author by sampling as little of the visual display (print) as possible (Goodman, 1967). How is it possible for a reader to predict an author\u27s thoughts accurately without processing every segment of print? In addition to minimal visual cues, readers utilize both their oral language abilities and past experiences to predict an author\u27s intentions - assuming they share common language patterns and experiences

Teachers\u27 Perceptions of Children\u27s Reading Miscues

Many journal articles, scholarly reports and books have been published regarding miscues and the predictive/ communicative nature of the reading process. Few teachers, however, seem to be aware of these more recent research findings which hold highly significant implications for instruction. How many teachers are aware of the predictive/communicative nature of the reading process? How do they feel about reading behavior that does not process each word in a precise exacting manner? Unless teachers are aware of such concepts and incorporate them in their teaching, research efforts become inconsequential

Phase Transition in Matched Formulas and a Heuristic for Biclique Satisfiability

A matched formula is a CNF formula whose incidence graph admits a matching which matches a distinct variable to every clause. We study phase transition in a context of matched formulas and their generalization of biclique satisfiable formulas. We have performed experiments to find a phase transition of property "being matched" with respect to the ratio $m/n$ where $m$ is the number of clauses and $n$ is the number of variables of the input formula $\varphi$. We compare the results of experiments to a theoretical lower bound which was shown by Franco and Gelder (2003). Any matched formula is satisfiable, moreover, it remains satisfiable even if we change polarities of any literal occurrences. Szeider (2005) generalized matched formulas into two classes having the same property -- var-satisfiable and biclique satisfiable formulas. A formula is biclique satisfiable if its incidence graph admits covering by pairwise disjoint bounded bicliques. Recognizing if a formula is biclique satisfiable is NP-complete. In this paper we describe a heuristic algorithm for recognizing whether a formula is biclique satisfiable and we evaluate it by experiments on random formulas. We also describe an encoding of the problem of checking whether a formula is biclique satisfiable into SAT and we use it to evaluate the performance of our heuristicComment: Conference version submitted to SOFSEM 2018 (https://beda.dcs.fmph.uniba.sk/sofsem2019/) 18 pages(17 without refernces), 3 figures, 8 tables, an algorithm pseudocod