Influence des facteurs technologiques et physico-chimiques sur le taux d’extraction reelle de la raffinerie de canne du perimetre sucrier de ferke 1 en côte d’ivoire

L'étude vise à déterminer les principaux facteurs responsables de  l'extraction réelle à la raffinerie de canne de Ferké 1, en vue de l'amélioration du rendement sucre. La production cannière livrée à l'usine concerne 11 variétés cultivées dans 4 plantations. L'extraction réelle, l'extraction au premier moulin, le rythme de broyage, le taux d'imbibition et la teneur en fibre de la canne à sucre ont été mesurés. Les données ont été traitées à l'aide du logiciel STATISTICA 6 FR. L'extraction a été effectuée après broyage de la canne dans une batterie de 3 moulins associée à un diffuseur. Au cours des années entre 2002 ou 2003 à 2005 ou 2006, l'extraction réelle a été, en moyenne, de 90,6 %. Les principaux facteurs déterminant l'extraction réelle ont été, d'abord, la teneur en fibre de la canne à sucre puis le taux d'imbibition de celle-ci durant le process. Enfin, l'amélioration de l'extraction réelle de l'usine passe par la réduction du délai entre la coupe et le broyagede la canne

Assessing the suitability and profitability of the system of rice intensification (SRI) methodology under farmers’ circumstances in Sierra Leone

In Sierra Leone, rice yields in farmers’ fields are lowand estimated on average at 0.8 t/ha. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an on-farm management approach that changes how rice plants grow and produce, regardless of what variety is used. Study in 2013 cropping season to assess the suitability and profitability of SRI was carried out on Farmers fields in the Associated Mangrove Swamp to determine its effectiveness in increasing rice productivity and assess the cost benefit of the system. Three production practices involving conventional method, basic SRI and enriched basic SRI were evaluated. The results were significantly different at p = 0.05 for practices and location effects. The enriched basic SRI gave an average yield that was actually 3 times greater than the average yield obtained with current farmer practices (6.2 and 2.0 t/ha). The basic SRI without any organic matter raised paddy yields by 60 % over conventional methods, (3.2 and 2.0 t/ha, respectively). The number of tillers and panicles per square meter, the number of panicle per tiller, the number of grain per panicle and thousand-grain weight was highest for the enriched basic SRI. The economic analysis shows that shifting from conventional practice and basic to the enriched basic SRI practices is economical and rewarding.Key Words : Suitability, profitability, organic matter, SRI, economic analysis

DEVELOPMENT OF FROZEN-FRIED YAM SLICES: OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS

The research performed on yam processing mainly concerns the production of crisps and flour. However, its transformation into deep-frozen French fries does not necessitate any other equipment than those used for potatoes. The industrial process of production of frozen French fries traditionally includes a pre-frying step. These steps contribute to the development of color and crispness, and the oil partially absorbed inhibits dehydration during the freezing step. The aim of this study was to optimize frying conditions of deep-frozen fried yam (Dioscorea cayenensis var Kponan) slices. The effect of pre-frying time and temperature, final frying time and temperature on the oil uptake, texture, dry matter and colour of the fried yam slices has been studied. Frying conditions optimized with Box-Behnken experimental design were short pre-frying and frying conditions at high temperature characterized by pre-frying temperature at 157-170°C during 5-9s and frying temperature at 181-188°C for 2min 15s-2min 30s; or long pre-frying and frying conditions at low temperature characterized by pre-frying temperature at 150-158°C during 10-15s and frying temperature 170-177°C for 3-3min 15s. An adiabatic system was also developed by means of an insulator in which the core temperature of fried yam slices can be maintained constant at about 55°C after 15min of cooling, facilitating texture measurements at constant temperature. The present results may help in choosing the yam slices frying condition to be applied in order to achieve the desirable fried yam slices quality, required for protection against certain diseases like obesity. These models may also provide guidance as to how to control these quality parameters by altering four key environmental factors, pre-frying temperature and time and, final frying temperature and time. This process can also be commercialized and does not necessitate any other cost for equipment than those used for potatoes French fries and might be an interesting way of added value processing for this highly perishable yam tuber

Le lymphangiome cervico-facial congenital de l’enfant au chu de conakry : analyse de trois cas

Le lymphangiome kystique est une tumeur vasculaire, bénigne, rare, d’origine lymphatique. La forme principale est représentée par le lymphangiome cervico-facial congénital de l’enfant. Sa pathogenèse est inconnue. Cette malformation congénitale du système lymphatique est composée de formations kystiques développées à partir d’endothélium lymphatique et remplies de lymphe et de sang. L’atteinte des voies aérodigestives supérieures (VaDS) peut conduire à des complications graves, mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. nous présentons trois observations de lymphangiomes kystiques de diagnostic post natal. Le traitement était chirurgical dans tous les cas consistant en exérèse complète de la tumeur et le diagnostic confirmé par l’examen histopathologique de la pièce opératoire. après un recul d’au moins 12 mois, aucune récidive locale n’a été observée cependant la surveillance reste de mise.Mots clés : Lymphangiomes kystique, malformation, cervico-facialeCystic lymphangioma is a vascular tumor, rare benign lymphatic origin. The main form is represented by the cervicofacial congenital lymphangioma of the child. Its pathogenesis is unknown. This congenital malformation of the lymphatic system is composed of cystic formations developed from lymphatic endothelium and filled with lymph and blood. Involvement of the upper aero digestive tract (UaDT) can lead to serious complications, involving life-threatening. We present three cases of cystic lymphangiomas of postnatal diagnosis. Treatment was surgical in all cases consisting of complete resection of the tumor and the diagnosis confirmed by histopathological examination of the surgical specimen. after a decline of at least 12 months, no local recurrence was observed; however, monitoring is still required.Keywords : cystic lymphangioma malformation, cervicofacia

La pêche artisanale au Sénégal : qualité de la matière première destinée aux entreprises exportatrices

Les conditions d’hygiène de la pêche artisanale au Sénégal ne respectent pas toujours les normes de qualité requises. Ce présent travail se propose d’étudier la qualité de trois espèces de poissons démersaux ; la sole limande (Syacium guineensis), le mérou à points bleus (Cephalopholis taeniops) et le rouget (Pseudupeneus prayensis) débarqués par la pêche artisanale. Ces espèces sont suivies depuis la capture jusqu’à leur acheminement en usine. L’évaluation sensorielle de la fraîcheur du poisson a consisté à tester la qualité par le toucher, l’odorat, la vue et le goût. Le dosage de l’azote basique volatil total (ABVT) a permis de déterminer la teneur totale en azote des bases azotées volatiles résultant de la dégradation des composés azotés du poisson lors de l’altération. La méthode d’analyse microbiologique utilisée est celle qui consiste à incorporer un volume donné de la prise d’essai et de ses dilutions dans un milieu de culture solide. A l’analyse sensorielle, les trois espèces, aux différentes étapes, étaient de très bonne qualité. Les valeurs de la flore mésophile aérobie sur le poisson à la capture sont très faibles contrairement au débarquement et à l’entrée en usine. Au niveau des branchies et de la peau, les résultats montrent une augmentation significative de la flore au débarquement et à l’entrée en usine. Au niveau des viscères, la flore augmente jusqu’au débarquement puis décroît. Les résultats des analyses chimiques ne reflètent pas forcément les risques de dégradation du poisson.Mots-clés : pêche artisanale, poisson, qualité matière première, exportation, Sénégal.Artisanal fisheries in Senegal: Quality of raw materials for exporting companiesHygienic conditions of artisanal fisheries in Senegal do not always respect the required quality standards. This study expects to scrutinize the quality of bottom fish sole (Syacium guineensis), grouper blue spotted (Cephalopholis taeniops), red mullet (Pseudupeneus prayensis) disembarked by artisanal fisheries. These species are followed since the capture until their routing in factory. The sensory evaluation of fish freshness was to test the quality through touch, smell, sight and taste. The determination of total volatile basic nitrogen (ABVT) allowed determining the total nitrogen content of volatile nitrogenous bases resulting from the degradation of nitrogenous compounds in fish spoilage. The used-microbiological-method is the one that consist in incorporating a given volume of the sample and its dilutions in a solid cultural medium. The results of sensory analysis on the three species at different stopovers were very good. The values of the aerobic mesophilic flora on the fish caught are very low compared to the one landed at the entrance to the factory. At the gills and skin, the findings show a significant increase in flora and landed at the entrance to the factory. In the viscera, flora increases and then decreases until the debarkation. The results of sensory and chemical analysis may not reflect the risks of degradation of fish.Keywords : artisanal fisheries, fish, quality, raw materials, exportation, Senegal

The prevalence and distribution of the amyloidogenic transthyretin (TTR) V122I allele in Africa

Transthyretin (TTR) pV142I (rs76992529-A) is one of the 113 variants in the human TTR gene associated with systemic amyloidosis. It results from a G to A transition at a CG dinucleotide in the codon for amino acid 122 of the mature protein (TTR V122I). The allele frequency is 0.0173 in African Americans

Spatial distribution of the chromosomal forms of anopheles gambiae in Mali

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Maps of the distribution of malaria vectors are useful tools for stratification of malaria risk and for selective vector control strategies. Although the distribution of members of the <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>complex is well documented in Africa, a continuous map of the spatial distribution of the chromosomal forms of <it>An. gambiae s.s. </it>is not yet available at country level to support control efforts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Bayesian geostatistical methods were used to produce continuous maps of the spatial distribution of the chromosomal forms of <it>An. gambiae s.s</it>. (Mopti, Bamako, Savanna and their hybrids/recombinants) based on their relative frequencies in relation to climatic and environmental factors in Mali.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The maps clearly show that each chromosomal form favours a particular defined eco-climatic zone. The Mopti form prefers the dryer northern Savanna and Sahel and the flooded/irrigated areas of the inner delta of the Niger River. The Savanna form favours the Sudan savanna areas, particularly the South and South-Eastern parts of the country (Kayes and Sikasso regions). The Bamako form has a strong preference for specific environmental conditions and it is confined to the Sudan savanna areas around urban Bamako and the Western part of Sikasso region. The hybrids/recombinants favour the Western part of the country (Kayes region) bordering the Republic of Guinea Conakry.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The maps provide valuable information for selective vector control in Mali (insecticide resistance management) and may serve as a decision support tool for the basis for future malaria control strategies including genetically manipulated mosquitoes.</p

Development and Utilisation of Improved WhiteSeeded, Tan-Plant Grain Sorghum Cultivars in Mali

The pedigree breeding method was successfully adopted to develop high yielding, white-seeded, grain sorghum cultivars with other attributes including “tan” plants, sensitivity to photoperiod and excellent adaptation to the Sudanian and Sahelian agro-ecological conditions in Mali. The new cultivars possess an excellent grain quality which added value for processing. The breeding process included crossing of local guinea race cultivars and improved or introduced Caudatum race varieties, selected from F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6 generations, conducting yield and grain quality trials of advanced lines on station and on-farm with farmer participatory selection. Processing quality of the grain was evaluated through measuring the decortication yield of each cultivar using the TADD (Tangential Abrasive Dehuller Device); measuring shelf life of processed flour in bags made of polyethylene for 3 months; manufacturing of new products by partially substituting wheat flour with flour of new sorghum varieties in pastry and biscuits. The study revealed a series of improved lines with "tan" plants, white grain, Guinea race type characterised by a loose panicle, long glumes and a hard grain. The best example of new cultivars N’Tenimissa, was described as the first white, “tan” plant, straw-coloured glume, photoperiod sensitive and high yielding sorghum cultivar with a white endosperm, and a thin pericarp developed in Mali. The cultivar has almost the same decortication yield with already adopted varieties by farmers. Its flour yield is similar to that of local guinea cultivars, and its flour is nearly as white as wheat flour. The analysis of various organoleptic parameters indicated that partially substituting wheat with 20% sorghum flour made the preferred biscuit by consumers prompting the commercial manufacturing of a biscuit called Deliken by the General Alimentation du Mali (GAM). A commercial sorghum supply chain was initiated by linking smallholders producing the new cultivar to a grain trader for selling the grain to the industry. This shows a path for the future in the diversification of uses of a local staple crop, sorghum. It is based on a strong Public-Private Partnership to link smallholders to the commercial supply chain, providing an incentive for farmers to grow new and highly productive cultivars for the development of value-added products