CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF LIPPIA MULTIFLORA IN BENIN

Objective: Present study involves the study of the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from the leaves by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of Lippia multiflora harvested in the regions of Kétou, Savalou, Bohicon and Mono and tested by the well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms.Methods: The essential oils studied are terpene compounds, aromatic compounds, aliphatic compounds and other natural substances. The inhibition zone diameters determined allowed us to evaluate their degree of germ sensitivity of the strains tested. Essential oils extracted from Lippia multiflora harvested in these areas have the most pronounced antimicrobial activity.Results: In total, the essential oils tested have different and specifically a degree of sensitivity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus mirabilis A24974, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa except that harvested in the Savalou who does not have no degree of sensitivity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion: This work paves the way for food preservation with extracted natural substances and also the formulation of natural antimicrobials for this fact.                       Peer Review History: Received 12 July 2019;   Revised 9 August; Accepted 1 September, Available online 15 September 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, [email protected]  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 7/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 9.4/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected] Similar Articles: ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLI METABOLITES LOADED HYDROGEL FORMULATIONS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOS

C43 - Essai de formulation d’un collutoire à base d’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus, chiov (poaceae) pour traiter l’angine de gorge

Introduction : Sur la base d’études antérieures, ayant démontré une efficacité in vitro de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus sur les germes impliqués dans l’angine de gorge, l’objectif de cette étude était de développer une formulation adaptée pour la prise en charge de cette pathologie. Matériel et méthodes : L’huile d’olive vierge, le TWEEN 60 et le SPAN 60 ont été utilisés pour le développement du collutoire à 0,5% v/v d’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus. La caractérisation du collutoire a été effectuée au moyen de tests organoleptiques et microscopiques (Balla et al 2022). Le sens de l’émulsion est déterminé par la méthode des colorants et confirmé par le test de conductivité électrique. L’absence d’instabilité du collutoire vérifiée au moyen du test à la centrifugeuse. En prélude à des futurs essais cliniques, la stérilité du collutoire a été recherchée par ensemencement sur différents milieux gélosés. Résultats et Discussion : Après plusieurs essais, seule la préparation à 40% d’huile d’olive à l’aspect blanc laiteux et au toucher gras était stable avec une absence de floculation et de coalescence et sans observation de phénomènes d’instabilités à type de crémage ou de sédimentation. Les tests de conductivité (49,2 µS/cm) ont bien confirmé le sens de l’émulsion H/E. Les tests de stérilité ont été concluants en l’absence de prolifération de microorganisme après 5 jours d’incubation. Conclusion : Cette étude a permis la formulation d’un collutoire à base d’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus présentant un bon profil de stabilité et de qualité

Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. essential oil: Direct effects or activity in combination with antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteria

The discovery of new antimicrobial agents is necessary due to the emergence of multi-drug bacterial resistance. The aim of this work was to study the direct and indirect antimicrobial activity of a Beninese sample of Cymbopogon giganteus essential oil (EOCG) on multi-drug resistant clinical bacteria, its chemical composition, and its cytotoxicity. Direct antimicrobial activity was tested by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and indirect activity, by determining Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index using checkerboard [fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI); synergy: FICI ≤ 0.5; additivity: 0.5 < FICI ≤ 1]. EOCG composition was determined by GC -MS and GC-FID and cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphényltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. p-Menthane derivatives (54.87%) and limonene (12.07%) were detected as major compounds by GC analysis. Our results confirmed the direct antimicrobial activity of EOCG, but here on clinical resistant strains (MIC from 0.125% v/v to 0.5% v/v). We also show synergistic effects between EOCG and amoxicillin with FICI ranges of 0.12– 0.5 against two Escherichia coli resistant clinical strains, synergistic to additive effects between EOCG and colistin or oxacillin/ampicillin, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA544 and Staphylococcus epidermidis SECN361 (two resistant clinical isolates). Our results also indicate that EOCG had low cytotoxicity (IC50: 67.06 ± 2.694 μg/ml)

Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. essential oil: Direct effects or activity in combination with antibiotics against multi-drug resistant bacteria

peer reviewedThe discovery of new antimicrobial agents is necessary due to the emergence of multi-drug bacterial resistance. The aim of this work was to study the direct and indirect antimicrobial activity of a Beninese sample of Cymbopogon giganteus essential oil (EOCG) on multi-drug resistant clinical bacteria, its chemical composition, and its cytotoxicity. Direct antimicrobial activity was tested by determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and indirect activity, by determining Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index using checkerboard [fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI); synergy: FICI ≤ 0.5; additivity: 0.5 < FICI ≤ 1]. EOCG composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID and cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphényltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. p-Menthane derivatives (54.87%) and limonene (12.07%) were detected as major compounds by GC analysis. Our results confirmed the direct antimicrobial activity of EOCG, but here on clinical resistant strains (MIC from 0.125% v/v to 0.5% v/v). We also show synergistic effects between EOCG and amoxicillin with FICI ranges of 0.12–0.5 against two Escherichia coli resistant clinical strains, synergistic to additive effects between EOCG and colistin or oxacillin/ampicillin, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA544 and Staphylococcus epidermidis SECN361 (two resistant clinical isolates). Our results also indicate that EOCG had low cytotoxicity (IC50: 67.06 ± 2.694 μg/ml)

Chemical composition, direct and indirect antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria and toxicity assessment of essential oil of Cymbopogon giganteus leaves

Because of antibioresistance rising, the search of new alternative strategies by combining classic antibiotics and essentials oils to restore antibiotics efficacy may be a promising approach. The aim of this work was to study the direct and indirect antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon giganteus essential oil from Benin (EOCG) on multidrug resistant bacteria, its chemical composition and its oral acute toxicity. Direct antimicrobial activity was tested by determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and indirect activity, by calculating the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index using checkerboard (FICI; synergy: FICI ≤ 0.5; additivity: 0.5<FICI≤1) on reference but also on multidrug resistant clinical isolates. Composition was determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against human non-cancer fibroblast cell line (WI38) by MTT assay and oral acute toxicity by determination of the “limit dose test” at 2000mg/kg. Limonene (12.07%) and p-menthane derivatives (54.87%) were the major components. Our results confirmed the direct antimicrobial activity of EOCG, but here on clinical resistant strains (MIC from 0.125%v/v to 0.5%v/v). We also observed, for the first time, the synergistic effects between EOCG and amoxicillin with FICI between 0.12-0.5 against two Escherichia coli amoxicillin-resistant clinical strains, synergistic to additive effects between EOCG and colistin or oxacillin/ampicillin respectively against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA544 and Staphylococcus epidermidis SE361 (two multiresistant clinical isolates). EOCG had a low cytotoxicity (IC50: 67.06±2.69 μg/ml) and no acute toxicity at the dose of 2000mg/kg per os. This is the first report of oral acute toxicity assessment of this essential oil

Antimicrobial potentials of essential oils extracted from West African aromatic plants on common skin infections

During the last decade, the advent of multi-drug resistant pathogens responsible for skin infections tends to make conventional treatments obsolete. Even though many studies have reported the antimicrobial properties of essential oils (EOs), the inconsistent use of various susceptibility testing methods has made information on antimicrobial potential of many EO varieties fragmentary. Using a single method approach, the objective of this work was to assess and to compare the antibacterial and antifungal properties, against skin pathogens, of EOs extracted from West African aromatic plants. Twenty-three plant samples collected in Benin and Burkina Faso were screened against 20 bacterial and fungal isolates obtained from skin lesions. Activity was evaluated by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with readings facilitated by the use of resazurin, a blue dye metabolized into pink resorufin by viable cells. Following this screening, nine EOs were found particularly active with MICs lower than 0.35% v/v. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to determine the phytochemical profile of these active EOs which were found exceptionally rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, especially aldehydes, alcohols or phenols and their derivatives. Through this study, we demonstrated that several West African EOs have a significant antimicrobial potential which could, however, be considerably impacted by plant growing or harvesting place due to phytochemical composition variation. These EOs, even if their antimicrobial effects appeared lower than those of conventional antibiotics, constitute easily available mixtures of active compounds and could nevertheless be considered, in the context of increasing multidrug resistance, as complementary or alternative therapies in common skin infections management

P30 Etude clinique d’un collutoire à base d’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon giganteus, chiov (poaceae) chez les adultes souffrant de l’angine de gorge au CHU de SURU-LERE de Cotonou

Introduction : L’angine de gorge est une inflammation de la gorge et en particulier des amygdales, d’origine infectieuse, induisant souvent un recours inapproprié aux antibiotiques. La prise de phyto médicaments peut être envisagée afin de contourner le risque d’antibiorésistance. D’où l’intérêt de cette étude à évaluer l’efficacité antimicrobienne d’un collutoire à base de C. giganteus en clinique.   Matériel et méthodes : L’étude clinique phase 2 à un bras, réalisée a porté sur des patients adultes (18 ans à 65 ans) dont le diagnostic positif a été posé par un médecin et qui ont été traités en ambulatoire durant 07 jours à raison de deux pulvérisations dans la gorge chaque 4h en association avec 1g de paracétamol pris matin, midi et soir pendant 48 h puis si douleur. L’efficacité thérapeutique a été évaluée à l’aide des principaux signes cliniques spécifiques relevés à J0, J3 et J7 à travers un même score préétabli. Résultats et Discussion : Sur 36 patients inclus, 34 efficacités thérapeutiques ont été observées contre 02 échecs. Aucun évènement indésirable majeur signalé, excepté une hypersalivation et une sécheresse de la gorge chez 4 patients, rapidement résorbés par la prise d’eau. Conclusion : Les données recueillies au cours de l’étude suggèrent que le collutoire à base C. giganteus associés au paracétamol soulage l’angine de gorge et les symptômes associés et s’avère un candidat intéressant pour une demande de mise sur le marché

Antimicrobial potentials of essential oils extracted from West African aromatic plants on common skin infections

peer reviewedDuring the last decade, the advent of multi-drug resistant pathogens responsible for skin infections tends to make conventional treatments obsolete. Even though many studies have reported the antimicrobial properties of essential oils (EOs), the inconsistent use of various susceptibility testing methods has made information on antimicrobial potential of many EO varieties fragmentary. Using a single method approach, the objective of this work was to assess and to compare the antibacterial and antifungal properties, against skin pathogens, of EOs extracted from West African aromatic plants. Twenty-three plant samples collected in Benin and Burkina Faso were screened against 20 bacterial and fungal isolates obtained from skin lesions. Activity was evaluated by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), with readings facilitated by the use of resazurin, a blue dye metabolized into pink resorufin by viable cells. Following this screening, nine EOs were found particularly active with MICs lower than 0.35% v/v. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was used to deter- mine the phytochemical profile of these active EOs which were found exceptionally rich in oxygenated monoterpenes, especially aldehydes, alcohols or phenols and their derivatives. Through this study, we demonstrated that several West African EOs have a significant an- timicrobial potential which could, however, be considerably impacted by plant growing or harvesting place due to phytochemical composition variation. These EOs, even if their antimicrobial effects appeared lower than those of conventional antibiotics, constitute easily available mixtures of active compounds and could nevertheless be considered, in the context of increasing multidrug resistance, as complementary or alternative therapies in common skin infections management.VALTRAME