Sefty and efficacy of Vitamin-D supplementation among eldrely people

Vitamin D is essential to maintain the health status and the normal function in multiple organs in human. The potential role in prevention as well as correlation in certain morbidities have been revealed recently. Advanced age, four-wall trapped lifestyle, low exposure to sunlight and insignificant dietary Vit-D intake are the major factors associated with VitD deficiency. An observational study conducted between 2015 -2017 included elderly patients hospitalized in geriatrics facilities at Zala-megyei Szt Rafael County Hospital. Patient characteristics by key medical history parameters and diagnoses were analyzed by the severity of VitD deficiency. The efficacy of standard dose with a combination of loading –maintenece Vit D supplementation was assessed. Significant Vitamin D deficiency was observed among the elderly people. The deficiency was over 90%, and half of the subjects who had no prior vitamin D supplementation did not reach the level of serious deficiency. The efficacy of Vit D treatment elevating the 25(OH)D levels was observed in most patients receiving at least 1000ÍU daily doses in average. Treatment with slow uploading doses – 30000 IU /week for 3 months significantly increased the median 25(OH)D levels. over one year period. Vit D deficiency among hospitalized elderly people are significant and may have critical impact on their health status. Periodic support with Vitamin D may not provide enough sources to maintain the recommended 25(OH)D levels. A therapy starting with a slow loading dose of 30000 IU/week for 3 months proven to be efficient and to reach the targeted levels. Continuous maintenance doses are necessary even over the summer period

New discoveries on the biology and detection of human chorionic gonadotropin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone comprising 2 subunits, alpha and beta joined non covalently. While similar in structure to luteinizing hormone (LH), hCG exists in multiple hormonal and non-endocrine agents, rather than as a single molecule like LH and the other glycoprotein hormones. These are regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG and the free beta-subunit of hyperglycosylated hCG.</p> <p>For 88 years regular hCG has been known as a promoter of corpus luteal progesterone production, even though this function only explains 3 weeks of a full gestations production of regular hCG. Research in recent years has explained the full gestational production by demonstration of critical functions in trophoblast differentiation and in fetal nutrition through myometrial spiral artery angiogenesis.</p> <p>While regular hCG is made by fused villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, extravillous invasive cytotrophoblast cells make the variant hyperglycosylated hCG. This variant is an autocrine factor, acting on extravillous invasive cytotrophoblast cells to initiate and control invasion as occurs at implantation of pregnancy and the establishment of hemochorial placentation, and malignancy as occurs in invasive hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Hyperglycosylated hCG inhibits apoptosis in extravillous invasive cytotrophoblast cells promoting cell invasion, growth and malignancy. Other non-trophoblastic malignancies retro-differentiate and produce a hyperglycosylated free beta-subunit of hCG (hCG free beta). This has been shown to be an autocrine factor antagonizing apoptosis furthering cancer cell growth and malignancy.</p> <p>New applications have been demonstrated for total hCG measurements and detection of the 3 hCG variants in pregnancy detection, monitoring pregnancy outcome, determining risk for Down syndrome fetus, predicting preeclampsia, detecting pituitary hCG, detecting and managing gestational trophoblastic diseases, diagnosing quiescent gestational trophoblastic disease, diagnosing placental site trophoblastic tumor, managing testicular germ cell malignancies, and monitoring other human malignancies. There are very few molecules with such wide and varying functions as regular hCG and its variants, and very few tests with such a wide spectrum of clinical applications as total hCG.</p