A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MIMES – MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE EARTH SYTEMS ECOLOGICAL SERVICES COMO FERRAMENTA IMPORTANTE PARA A VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS.

O MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services é o primeiro modelo global a relacionar a dinâmica entre a tecnologia, produção e bem-estar econômico e os bens e serviços ecossistêmicos do sistema dinâmico da Terra, de forma espacializada. É um “meta-modelo” que representa uma síntese de uma simplificação dos diversos modelos globais dinâmicos existentes nas ciências naturais e sociais em um nível intermediário de complexidade. O objetivo do MIMES é simular o sistema integrado da Terra e avaliar a dinâmica e os valores dos serviços dos ecossistemas. O presente estudo de caso é a modelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras na Bacia-Hidrográfica dos Rio Mogi-Guaçú e Pardo em São Paulo. Ele foca a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos do controle da erosão. São descritos os estudos da Bacia Hidrográfica e analisado a dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras, focado nas suas principais forças tais como a legislação ambiental do país e as mudanças nos preços relativos favorecendo uma forte expansão do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar na região. Esta dinâmica tem importante impacto nas taxas de erosão cujas medidas metodológicas são apresentadas com os resultados obtidos. Para simular esta dinâmica foi desenvolvido um modelo seguindo a metodologia do MIMES. O algoritmo desenvolvido modela as mudanças do uso e cobertura das terras baseado principalmente na força das leis ambientais e movimentos dos preços medindo os impactos do processo de erosão. Espera-se que esta dinâmica contribua para a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos da Bacia Hidrográfica. -------------------------------------------------------------------The MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services is the first global model it relate to dynamic between the technology, output and economic welfare and the property and ecosystem service of the dynamic system of the Land, of form specialited. It is a "goal-model" that represents a synthesis of a simplification of the diverse existing dynamic global models in the social and natural sciences in an intermediate level of complexity. The MIMES objective is going to simulate the system integrated of the Land and evaluate to dynamic and the values of the service of the ecosystems. This paper aims at modeling the land use and land cover dynamics in a watershed in São Paulo State, Brazil. It focuses on the potential restoration of the ecosystem service erosion control. The studied watershed is described and its land use and land cover dynamics analyzed, focusing on its main driving forces such as the legislation enforcement and crop relative price changes favoring a very strong expansion of sugar-cane in the region. This dynamics has important impacts on erosion rates whose measurement methodology is presented along with the results obtained. To simulate this dynamics a model was built following MIMES. The algorithms developed deal with a process of forest recovery, modeling land use/land cover changes pushed mainly by legislation enforcement and price movements and measuring their impacts on the erosion process. It is expected that this dynamics would lead to a restoration of the ecosystem service erosion control.Modelo de mudanças do uso das terras, valoração dos serviços ecossistêmicos, controle da erosão de solos, modelo dinâmico integrado multi-escala, land use change model, ecosystem services valuation, soil erosion control, multi-scale integrated dynamic modeling, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Effects of the Public Policies on the Natural Rubber Production in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso States

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the government intervention on the expansion of the natural rubber production in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso states. The method used was the policy analysis matrix, developed by MONKE and PEARSON (1989). The results showed that the production of natural rubber in those states has conditions to face the liberalization changes that have been taking place in the international market. The government's role in that process is relevant in order to promote the development of that activity and to reduce the distortions, since these impede that the market signals guide the producer decisions in an integrated economy into the world market. Some policy measures can be carried out to improve the competitiveness of the natural rubber in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso states, which are related with reductions of the tax aliquots on the production; with interest rate in the financings; and with labor legal requirements that increase the production costs. It is, also, important to underline the positive effects of technological changes. It is necessary to the government to be conscious with the effects of its policies. For that, it is important that the adoption of those policies provides to the production of rubber natural larger competitiveness. In that perspective, the government intervention could generate larger social benefits, if the divergences between the social and the private valuations were reduced. In the medium term, the policy reorientation benefits both the producers and the consumers, taking to a larger incentive to the local production of this product

Effects of the Public Policies on the Natural Rubber Production in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso States

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the government intervention on the expansion of the natural rubber production in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso states. The method used was the policy analysis matrix, developed by MONKE and PEARSON (1989). The results showed that the production of natural rubber in those states has conditions to face the liberalization changes that have been taking place in the international market. The government's role in that process is relevant in order to promote the development of that activity and to reduce the distortions, since these impede that the market signals guide the producer decisions in an integrated economy into the world market. Some policy measures can be carried out to improve the competitiveness of the natural rubber in Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso states, which are related with reductions of the tax aliquots on the production; with interest rate in the financings; and with labor legal requirements that increase the production costs. It is, also, important to underline the positive effects of technological changes. It is necessary to the government to be conscious with the effects of its policies. For that, it is important that the adoption of those policies provides to the production of rubber natural larger competitiveness. In that perspective, the government intervention could generate larger social benefits, if the divergences between the social and the private valuations were reduced. In the medium term, the policy reorientation benefits both the producers and the consumers, taking to a larger incentive to the local production of this product.Competitiveness, liberalization of markets, natural rubber, public policies, Agricultural and Food Policy,

A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MIMES – MULTI-SCALE INTEGRATED MODEL OF THE EARTH SYTEMS ECOLOGICAL SERVICES COMO FERRAMENTA IMPORTANTE PARA A VALORAÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS.

O MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services é o primeiro modelo global a relacionar a dinâmica entre a tecnologia, produção e bem-estar econômico e os bens e serviços ecossistêmicos do sistema dinâmico da Terra, de forma espacializada. É um “meta-modelo” que representa uma síntese de uma simplificação dos diversos modelos globais dinâmicos existentes nas ciências naturais e sociais em um nível intermediário de complexidade. O objetivo do MIMES é simular o sistema integrado da Terra e avaliar a dinâmica e os valores dos serviços dos ecossistemas. O presente estudo de caso é a modelagem da dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras na Bacia-Hidrográfica dos Rio Mogi-Guaçú e Pardo em São Paulo. Ele foca a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos do controle da erosão. São descritos os estudos da Bacia Hidrográfica e analisado a dinâmica do uso e cobertura das terras, focado nas suas principais forças tais como a legislação ambiental do país e as mudanças nos preços relativos favorecendo uma forte expansão do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar na região. Esta dinâmica tem importante impacto nas taxas de erosão cujas medidas metodológicas são apresentadas com os resultados obtidos. Para simular esta dinâmica foi desenvolvido um modelo seguindo a metodologia do MIMES. O algoritmo desenvolvido modela as mudanças do uso e cobertura das terras baseado principalmente na força das leis ambientais e movimentos dos preços medindo os impactos do processo de erosão. Espera-se que esta dinâmica contribua para a restauração dos serviços ecossistêmicos da Bacia Hidrográfica. -------------------------------------------------------------------The MIMES – Multi-scale Integrated Model of the Earth Sytems Ecological Services is the first global model it relate to dynamic between the technology, output and economic welfare and the property and ecosystem service of the dynamic system of the Land, of form specialited. It is a "goal-model" that represents a synthesis of a simplification of the diverse existing dynamic global models in the social and natural sciences in an intermediate level of complexity. The MIMES objective is going to simulate the system integrated of the Land and evaluate to dynamic and the values of the service of the ecosystems. This paper aims at modeling the land use and land cover dynamics in a watershed in São Paulo State, Brazil. It focuses on the potential restoration of the ecosystem service erosion control. The studied watershed is described and its land use and land cover dynamics analyzed, focusing on its main driving forces such as the legislation enforcement and crop relative price changes favoring a very strong expansion of sugar-cane in the region. This dynamics has important impacts on erosion rates whose measurement methodology is presented along with the results obtained. To simulate this dynamics a model was built following MIMES. The algorithms developed deal with a process of forest recovery, modeling land use/land cover changes pushed mainly by legislation enforcement and price movements and measuring their impacts on the erosion process. It is expected that this dynamics would lead to a restoration of the ecosystem service erosion control