The Molecular Outflows in the rho Ophiuchi Main Cloud: Implications For Turbulence Generation

We present the results of CO (J=3-2) and CO (J=1-0) mapping observations toward the active cluster forming clump, L1688, in the rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud. From the CO (J=3-2) and CO (J=1-0) data cubes, we identify five outflows, whose driving sources are VLA 1623, EL 32, LFAM 26, EL 29, and IRS 44. Among the identified outflows, the most luminous outflow is the one from the prototypical Class 0 source, VLA 1623. We also discover that the EL 32 outflow located in the Oph B2 region has very extended blueshifted and redshifted lobes with wide opening angles. This outflow is most massive and have the largest momentum among the identified outflows in the CO (J=1-0) map. We estimate the total energy injection rate due to the molecular outflows identified by the present and previous studies to be about 0.2 L_solar, larger than or at least comparable to the turbulence dissipation rate [~(0.03 - 0.1) L_solar]. Therefore, we conclude that the protostellar outflows are likely to play a significant role in replenishing the supersonic turbulence in this clump.Comment: 37 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

The establishing process of the name of “dotoku” : Focusing on the discussion in the Curriculum Council in 1957

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the name of “dotoku” was approved in the Curriculum Council in 1957. Based on the minutes of the Curriculum Council in 1957, this study clarifies what property of the time assigned for moral education was symbolized by the name of “dotoku” . This study shows that the name of “ dotoku ” implies for the most part systematic property of the time assigned for moral education. The property was emphasized by the officers of the Ministry of Education and the president of the subcommittee for primary education in the establishing process of the name

The relationship between politics and administration during the establishment of Moral Education

The purpose of this study is to explore the two relationships between politics and administration in the establishment of Moral Education: the relationship between the Minister of Education and the Bureau of Education, and the relationship between the Policy Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and politicians of the ruling party. The results are as follows. First, regarding the relationship between the Minister of Education and the Bureau of Education, it was not possible for the Minister of Education to actively commit to creating a course of study that included Moral Education. Rather, the Minister of Education could play the roles of receiving explanations about Moral Education policies from the Bureau of Education, creating awareness about the policies received, and negotiating with external parties such as the opposition party. Second, concerning the relationship between the Policy Research Council of the LDP and politicians of the ruling party, the LDP established the basic plans of curriculum policies, and the Ministry of Education used them to make concrete plans

Direct Evidence of the Inverse of TTC Hypothesis for Driver’s Perception in Car-Closing Situations

This paper describes the experiments involving a driving simulator that examined the implicit relationship between subjective perception and objective closeness of the gap between the host car and the lead car, the latter closing to the former at a constant relative velocity / at a constant relative deceleration rate. The subjective perception of closeness was quantified in terms of 1/TTC (θ?/θ, where theta is the driver’s visual angle of the lead car). The results suggest that the drivers perceive the lead car closing in terms of 1/TTC both in the constant relative velocity condition and the constant deceleration condition