On the Electromotive Force and the Electric Conductivity Accompanied with the Detonation of Explosives

The electromotive force and the electric conductivity in the ionized gases produced by the detonation of Sakura dynamite were investigated in this study. This investigation was carried out to obtain several fundamental data for developing a method by which the detonation rate of an explosive could be estimated. As to the electromotive force, the maximum values ranging from 1V to 2V were obtained and these electromotive forces were generally observed in the negative signal against the ground. In the majority of records, between 10 micro-seconds and 20 micro-seconds after detonation, the conductivity was observed to attain to its stationary value which was ranged from 5×lO⁻² mho/cm to 30×l0⁻² mho/cm

Whorl-Specific Expression of the SUPERMAN Gene of Arabidopsis Is Mediated by cis Elements in the Transcribed Region

The SUPERMAN (SUP) gene of Arabidopsis is involved in controlling cell proliferation in stamen and carpel primordia and in ovules during flower development. The SUP gene encodes a transcription factor with a C2H2-type zinc finger motif, a serine/proline-rich domain, a basic domain, and a leucine-zipper-like domain and is expressed in a very limited region in stamen primordia and in the developing ovary during flower development. The SUP gene is susceptible to methylation, resulting in epigenetic gene silencing. To understand how the SUP gene is expressed spatially and temporally in its restricted domain, and why methylation of the transcribed region affects early-stage SUP expression, we have identified the SUP cis regulatory elements by characterizing SUP gene fusions. These studies show that the SUP gene has discrete upstream promoter elements required for expression in stamen primordia in early stages and in the ovary in later stages. The promoter activity for stamen primordia is modulated by several positive and negative elements located in the transcribed and translated regions. Several regulatory elements in the transcribed region correlate with the areas of the gene that are heavily methylated in epigenetic alleles; these data provide a possible explanation of how methylation of the transcribed region represses transcription

Floral stem cell termination involves the direct regulation of AGAMOUS by PERIANTHIA

In Arabidopsis, the population of stem cells present in young flower buds is lost after the production of a fixed number of floral organs. The precisely timed repression of the stem cell identity gene WUSCHEL (WUS) by the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) is a key part of this process. In this study, we report on the identification of a novel input into the process of floral stem cell regulation. We use genetics and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that the bZIP transcription factor PERIANTHIA (PAN) plays a role in regulating stem cell fate by directly controlling AG expression and suggest that this activity is spatially restricted to the centermost region of the AG expression domain. These results suggest that the termination of floral stem cell fate is a multiply redundant process involving loci with unrelated floral patterning functions

MAA3 (MAGATAMA3) Helicase Gene is Required for Female Gametophyte Development and Pollen Tube Guidance in Arabidopsis thaliana

The female gametophyte plays a central role in the sexual reproduction of angiosperms. We previously isolated the maa3 (magatama3) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, defective in development of the female gametophyte, micropylar pollen tube guidance, and preventing the attraction of multiple pollen tubes. We here observed that the nucleolus of polar nuclei is small, and that the fusion of polar nuclei often did not occur at the time of pollination. The MAA3 gene encodes a homolog of yeast Sen1 helicase, required for RNA metabolism. It is suggested that MAA3 may regulate RNA molecules responsible for nucleolar organization and pollen tube guidanc

A STUDY ON GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECNIQUE WITH IN- SITU MICROOGANISMS ISOLATED FROM JAPAN

ABSTRACT: Damage by a liquefaction phenomenon was a problem in recent years, and the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011 in Japan, and liquefaction damage occurred frequently. There is also more adoption of Paris agreement in COP21 of the end of last year, and correspondence to a global warming problem is also desired reduction in greenhouse effect gas amount of emission in the construction field. Therefore considered ground improvement technology is necessary for the environment in Japan an earthquake-ridden country. So we considered for practical use ground improvement techniques based microorganism. That is watched as new liquefaction countermeasure technology for reduction in cost and the point of view by which material and construction waste are reduction. In that ground improvement techniques, it is difficult to using specific microbes. So we aimed at Microbial carbonate precipitation using in-situ microorganism as the method to solve this problem. We made solidify sand using isolated microorganisms in japan and Bacillus pasteurii the solidification ability becomes clear. We measured to urease activity values of each microorganism. And we making of the test pieces, undrained cyclic triaxial test and acid decomposition for using CaCO 3 (0.5mol/L). And we compared results. We understood two things from examination results. 1) The difference occurs to liquefaction strength by urease activity value. 2) The improvement effect of the liquefaction strength was admitted in Microbial carbonate precipitation using insitu microorganisms in the spots selected by this research

Development of a Novel Reformer for Tar-free Syngas Production

AbstractA novel reformer using highly efficient heat regeneration for tar-free syngas production is developed and its performance demonstrated in a pilot-scale plant using steam gasification. Basic design parameters of the regenerative tar reformer, namely residence time and amount of oxidant are determined based on numerical results. It has been predicted that good performance could be achieved at an operation temperature about 1573K, the residence time exceeding 4sec and an oxidant addition of 12% of the syngas flow rate. The regenerative tar reformer so designed shows stable operation. Over 99% of light and heavy tars are reformed to gas in the case of 11.3% oxygen addition to syngas. Further it is seen that a reduction of oxygen consumption more than 30% compared to a conventional oxidation reformer can be achieved. The formation of a high temperature zone has a strong influence on the tar reforming efficiency

The homeotic protein AGAMOUS controls microsporogenesis by regulation of SPOROCYTELESS

The Arabidopsis homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) is necessary for the specification of reproductive organs (stamens and carpels) during the early steps of flower development. AG encodes a transcription factor of the MADS-box family that is expressed in stamen and carpel primordia. At later stages of development, AG is expressed in distinct regions of the reproductive organs. This suggests that AG might function during the maturation of stamens and carpels, as well as in their early development. However, the developmental processes that AG might control during organogenesis and the genes that are regulated by this factor are largely unknown. Here we show that microsporogenesis, the process leading to pollen formation, is induced by AG through activation of the SPOROCYTELESS gene (SPL, also known as NOZZLE,NZZ), a regulator of sporogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SPL can induce microsporogenesis in the absence of AG function, suggesting that AG controls a specific process during organogenesis by activating another regulator that performs a subset of its functions

A C-terminal amino acid substitution in the gamma-chain caused by a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (Fibrinogen Matsumoto VII) results in hypofibrinogenemia

This article is not an exact copy of the original published article in THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS. The definitive publisher-authenticated version of THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS. 104(2):213-223 (2010) is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1160/TH09-08-0540 .We found a novel hypofibrinogenemia designated as Matsumoto VII (M-VII), which is caused by a heterozygous nucleotide deletion at position g.7651 in FGG and a subsequent frameshift mutation in codon 387 of the γ-chain. This frameshift results in 25 amino acid substitutions, late termination of translation with elongation by 15 amino acids, and the introduction of a canonical glycosylation site. Western blot analysis of the patient’s plasma fibrinogen visualized with anti-γ-chain antibody revealed the presence of two extra bands. To identify the extra bands and determine which of the above-mentioned alterations caused the assembly and/or secretion defects in the patient, 11 variant vectors that introduced mutations into the cDNA of the γ-chain orγ’-chain were transfected into CHO cells. In vitro expression of transfectants containingγΔ7651A and γΔ7651A/399T (γΔ7651A with an amino acid substitution of 399Asn by Thr and a variant lacking the canonical glycosylation site) demonstrated a reduction in secretion to approximately 20% of the level seen in the transfectants carrying the normal γ-chain. Furthermore, results from other transfectants demonstrated that 8 aberrant residues between 391 and 398 of the M-VII variant, rather than the 15 amino acid extension or the additional glycosylation, are responsible for the reduced levels of assembly and secretion of M-VII variant fibrinogen. Finally, the results of this study and our previous reports demonstrate that the fibrinogen γ-chain C-terminal tail (388-411) is not necessary for protein assembly or secretion, but the aberrant amino acid sequence observed in the M-VII variant (especially 391-398) disturbs these functions.ArticleTHROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS. 104(2):213-223 (2010)journal articl