Staphylococcus aureus requires cardiolipin for survival under conditions of high salinity

BackgroundThe ability of staphylococci to grow in a wide range of salt concentrations is well documented. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of cardiolipin (CL) in the adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus to high salinity.ResultsUsing an improved extraction method, the analysis of phospholipid composition suggested that CL levels increased slightly toward stationary phase, but that this was not induced by high salinity. Deletion of the two CL synthase genes, SA1155 (cls1) and SA1891 (cls2), abolished CL synthesis. The cls2 gene encoded the dominant CL synthase. In a cls2 deletion mutant, Cls1 functioned under stress conditions, including high salinity. Using these mutants, CL was shown to be unnecessary for growth in either basal or high-salt conditions, but it was critical for prolonged survival in high-salt conditions and for generation of the L-form.ConclusionsCL is not essential for S. aureus growth under conditions of high salinity, but is necessary for survival under prolonged high-salt stress and for the generation of L-form variants

The effective nursing educational plan for the elderly at hospital discharge. - through the questionnaires for the nurses and the elderly patients -

近年の急速な高齢化社会にともない複数の疾病や種々の障害をもちながら自宅で療養する高齢者が増加してきている。このような状況でいったん入院療養した高齢者が自宅へ帰り生活をしていくにはかなりの困難が予測される。高齢者が退院し自宅での生活にスムーズに適応できるか否かは看護婦の退院指導の良否に関わってくる。そこで指導側の看護婦の指導計画や指導方法、内容について調査すると共に受け手の患者の指導希望内容との比較を行い有効な退院指導のあり方を検討した。患者の心配事や援助や相談の希望内容と看護婦の重要とする指導内容はほぼ同様の内容であった。その内容は日常生活に関すること、病気や健康に関することが多かった。看護婦の退院指導の計画でカンファレンスをしている看護婦はしていない看護婦に比べ指導内容の経済的なこと、趣味や生きがいに関する事、生活環境、家族の協力に関することを重要とすると回答したものが有意に多かった。The elderly with chronic disease or handicaps who receive nursing home care is currently increasing. They may have some difficulties in their daily life after hospital discharge. The proper nursing educational plan may determine their post-hospital life without anxiety. The purpose of this study is to find out the effective nursing educational plan for them. Therefore, we investigated the contents of the nursing educational plan for their hospital discharge and what elderly patients need in their post-hospital life. As a result, both contents were similar. Those were about their daily life, disease, health. And there were significantly defferences between well-discussed plan and no discussed plan in the items of economy, hobbies, purpose of life, home environment, family cooperation. Results from this study suggest that more detailed discussion among nurses at hospital discharge is necessary to determine the individual nursing educational plan of elderly patients in their post-hospital life

在宅看護実習の学びの構成

看護基礎教育カリキュラムが改定され、在宅看護論は統合分野に位置づけられた。今後、在宅看護学の学習内容をいかに効果的に組み立てるか検討する必要がある。本研究は現状の在宅看護実習の学びの構成内容を明らかにし、統合分野としての在宅看護学における教育内容を構築するための資料とする目的で行った。KJ法により学生の在宅看護実習記録を分析・整理し、学びの構成要素を明らかにした。在宅看護実習の学びとして、生活の視点を主とした「訪問看護の学び」や「地域における保健福祉活動」、「看護専門職の姿勢」の構成内容が明らかとなった