PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>correspond to marker numbers indicated in Table 1. M: 2-Log DNA Ladder (New England BioLabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA)

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>s database [34] and wheat UniGene data sets [43] in an interactive manner. To eliminate paralogous genes, Landmark Unique Gene loci (LUGs) were selected by pair-wise comparisons of the rice cDNA models [34]. TaEST-LUGs were selected as template loci for potential PLUG markers (see Methods). "Html1" and "Html2" are interactive interfaces where the target locus can be selected and primer picking conditions can be inputted, respectively

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>somic lines. A-C: 1% agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of Marker No. 12 (A), Marker No. 18 (B), and Marker No. 8 (C). D and E: 4% agarose gel electrophoresis of the I-digested products of Marker No. 18 (D) and III-digested products of Marker No. 8 (E)

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>, as reported by Gale and Devos (1998) [5] and Sorrells et al. (2003) [35], is shown in different colors for each rice chromosome and wheat chromosome group

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>s database [34] and wheat UniGene data sets [43] in an interactive manner. To eliminate paralogous genes, Landmark Unique Gene loci (LUGs) were selected by pair-wise comparisons of the rice cDNA models [34]. TaEST-LUGs were selected as template loci for potential PLUG markers (see Methods). "Html1" and "Html2" are interactive interfaces where the target locus can be selected and primer picking conditions can be inputted, respectively

PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG) markers effectively assign homoeologous wheat genes to A, B and D genomes"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/135</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():135-135.</p><p>Published online 30 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1904201.</p><p></p>, as reported by Gale and Devos (1998) [5] and Sorrells et al. (2003) [35], is shown in different colors for each rice chromosome and wheat chromosome group

Using the Hexaploid Nature of Wheat To Create Variability in Starch Characteristics

In hexaploid crops, such as bread wheat, it should be possible to fine-tune phenotypic traits by identifying wild-type and null genes from each of the three genomes and combining them in a calculated manner. Here, we demonstrate this with gene combinations for two starch synthesis genes, <i>SSIIa</i> and <i>GBSSI</i>. Lines with inactive copies of both enzymes show a very dramatic change in phenotype, so to create intermediate phenotypes, we used marker-assisted selection to develop near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying homozygous combinations of null alleles. For both genes, gene dosage effects follow the order B > D ≥ A; therefore, we completed detailed analysis of starch characteristics for NIL 3-3, which is null for the B-genome copy of the <i>SSIIa</i> and <i>GBSSI</i> genes, and NIL 5-5, which has null mutations in the B- and D-genome-encoded copies of both of these genes. The effects of the combinations on phenotypic traits followed the order expected on the basis of genotype, with NIL 5-5 showing the largest differences from the wild type, while NIL 3-3 characteristics were intermediate between NIL 5-5 and the wild type. Differences among genotypes were significant for many starch characteristics, including percent amylose, chain length distribution, gelatinization temperature, retrogradation, and pasting properties, and these differences appeared to translate into improvements in end-product quality, since bread made from type 5-5 flour showed a 3 day lag in staling

Correlation coefficients among environments for flour yield (FlYd).

<p>Correlation coefficients among environments for flour yield (FlYd).</p

Relationships between flour yield (FlYd) and flour efficiency (FlEf) (A), FlYd and median diameter of particles (x50) (B) and FlYd and specific surface area of particles (Sv) (C).

<p>Accessions could be classified into either soft or hard kernel types based on <i>Pina-D1</i>/<i>Pinb-D1</i> genotypes. Soft accessions have <i>Pina-D1a</i> and <i>Pinb-D1a</i>, while hard have <i>Pina-D1b</i> or <i>Pinb-D1b</i>.</p

PCR assays to detect of polymorphic SNPs between Kitahonami and the three other varieties used as parents in the DH populations.

<p>White and black arrows indicate bands derived from genome-specific and allele-specific amplicons, respectively. 1: Kitahonami, 2: Kinuhime, 3: Tohoku224, 4: Shunyou.</p