Non-Pharmacological Management of Neurocardiogenic Syncope

AbstractNeurocardiogenic syncope is a common disorder. It is diagnosed by obtaining a detailed history and performing a head-up tilt test, with or without drug provocation. Several studies have been performed pertaining to its management. However, no treatment, whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological, except for counterpressure maneuvers and daily orthostatic tilt training, has been proven effective. Randomized studies of therapies for neurocardiogenic syncope are needed

Experimental design.

<p>Six-week model (A) and 12-week model (B). STZ, streptozotocin; BG, blood glucose; DM, diabetes mellitus; KO, AT_1a receptor knockout; WT, wild-type.</p

Apoptosis in the diabetic heart.

<p>The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cardiomyocytes in LV tissue (A), expression of Bcl-2 (B) and Bax (C) protein in LV tissue determined by Western blotting, and representative images of the bands for Bcl-2 and Bax protein (D). Number of mice per group is indicated in bar graph. Values are the mean±SEM. DM, diabetes mellitus; KO, AT_1a receptor knockout; WT, wild-type; C, control. *p<0.05 vs. the respective control group, **p<0.01 vs. the respective control group, †p<0.05 vs. WT-DM, ††p<0.01 vs. WT-DM, ¶¶p<0.01 vs. KO-DM.</p