Changes of lymphatic flow in case of pancreatic duct obstruction in the pig : as a model of pancreatic cancer

To investigate the lymph network change in pancreatic duct obstruction in pigs as a model of pancreatic cancer invading pancreatic duct, six domestic pigs weighing 17-40 kg underwent surgery as protocol. Two of them were controls, and the others underwent ligation of the pancreatic duct as a model of ductal obstruction. A CH 40 and lipiodol mixture was injected in their pancreas at 7 or 21 Days after first operation. Radiographic examination had been also performed. Five or 14 days later, they were examined radiographically, and sacrificed for histological examination. Ligation of the pancreatic duct caused experimental pancreatitis. Dilatation of the pancreatic duct and dilatation of the lymph canal in the interlobular space of pancreas was demonstrated in the ligation group. CH 40 and lipiodol showed discrepancies in the distribution. There were not distinct differences between the two groups in a route of CH 40 traveling. Only fluoroscopic examination revealed an image of lipiodol enlargement to the caudal site in the ligated group. The congestive lymph system may have impaired flow like reflux

Arterial infusion chemotherapy for the patient of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma with multiple liver metastases : a case report

Introduction : Despite various treatment trials for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma with liver metastases, the outcome has not been satisfactory. This paper reports a case of pancreatic carcinoma with multiple liver metastases that responded well to arterial infusion chemotherapy. Case report : A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with multiple liver tumors, and needle biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. With endoscopic ultrasonography, a tumor in the pancreatic head was detected, and pancreatic carcinoma with multiple liver metastases was diagnosed. He received arterial infusion chemotherapy : cisplatin at a dose of 10mg/body/day and 500mg/body/day of 5-fluorouracil. After 14 days administration, liver metastases had decreased in number and size, but thereafter, because of hepatic arterial occlusion, the same dose of drugs was administered intravenously. The patient was discharged from the hospital and was given chemotherapy 3 days a week on an outpatient basis. Although the chemotherapy was effective, it was stopped because of severe general fatigue 5months after discharge. His general status continued to gradually worsen,and he died 12 months after diagnosis. Conclusions : Prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma with liver metastases is poor however, transarterial infusion chemotherapy may be effective to improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patients

コウド ヒマン ニヨル ヒカ ウメコミシキ CVポート ノ ヘンイ ガ ゲンイン トナリ カテーテル イツダツ オ キタシタ 1レイ

A totally implantable venous access system is evaluated to be safe and useful. We report a case of dislocation of catheter by displacement of implantable port caused by obesity. A 30-year-old woman was implanted a venous access system by subclavian approach and the port was placed into subcutaneous tissue of chest-wall. At 10 days after operation, chest X-P revealed displacement of the port by change of her posture. At the standing position, the port moved about 6 cm in the direction of caudate side, and the tip of catheter was just likely to be dislocated. Then we inserted a catheter via median vein and implanted a port into subcutaneous tissue of forearm. This catheter was not moved by change of her posture. It was considered that a peripheral vein approach was useful in case a subclavian vein aproach was unsuitable

トウカ ニオケル Stage IVb スイガン ノ チリョウ セイセキ

Pancreatic cancer is often detected in a far advanced stage and the prognosis is still extremely poor. A clinicopathological study was made on 49 patients with Stage IVb pancreatic cancer treated at our department from March 1994 to February 2002. In this study, patient factors (age and gender), tumor factors (hepatic metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and distant metastasis), and treatment factors (systemic chemotherapy, intra- and postoperative radiotherapy, some treatments to hepatic metastasis, and surgical resection) were examined, and the survival was evaluated statistically. Overall mean survival was 150 days and the 1-year survival rate was 0%. With multivariate analysis, prognostic factors were hepatic metastasis, peritoneal dissemination and some treatments to hepatic metastasis. In advanced pancreatic cancer with hepatic metastasis, the prognostic factor was just some treatments to hepatic metastasis. Systemic chemotherapy with somatostatin analog was ineffective. At present we use either gemcitabine or 5FU in systemic chemotherapy for Stage IVb pancreatic cancers without hepatic metastasis, and conduct hepatic arterial infusion therapy for those with hepatic metastasis

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) for AKARI

The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) is one of two focal plane instruments on the AKARI satellite. FIS has four photometric bands at 65, 90, 140, and 160 um, and uses two kinds of array detectors. The FIS arrays and optics are designed to sweep the sky with high spatial resolution and redundancy. The actual scan width is more than eight arcmin, and the pixel pitch is matches the diffraction limit of the telescope. Derived point spread functions (PSFs) from observations of asteroids are similar to the optical model. Significant excesses, however, are clearly seen around tails of the PSFs, whose contributions are about 30% of the total power. All FIS functions are operating well in orbit, and its performance meets the laboratory characterizations, except for the two longer wavelength bands, which are not performing as well as characterized. Furthermore, the FIS has a spectroscopic capability using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). Because the FTS takes advantage of the optics and detectors of the photometer, it can simultaneously make a spectral map. This paper summarizes the in-flight technical and operational performance of the FIS.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the AKARI special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japa

Development of an In Vitro Methodology to Assess the Bioequivalence of Orally Disintegrating Tablets Taken without Water

To assess the probability of bioequivalence (BE) between orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) taken without water and conventional tablets (CTs) taken with water, an in vitro biorelevant methodology was developed using the BE Checker, which reproduces fluid shifts in the gastrointestinal tract and drug permeation. In addition to the fluid shift from the stomach to the small intestine, the process of ODT disintegration in a small amount of fluid in the oral cavity and the difference in gastric emptying caused by differences in water intake were incorporated into the evaluation protocol. Assuming a longer time to maximum plasma concentration after oral administration of ODTs taken without water than for CTs taken with water due to a delay in gastric emptying, the fluid shift in the donor chamber of the BE Checker without water was set longer than that taken with water. In the case of naftopidil ODTs and CTs, the values of the f2 function, representing the similarity of the permeation profiles, were 50 or higher when the fluid shift in ODTs taken without water was set at 1.5 or 2 times longer than that of the CTs taken with water. The values of the f2 function in permeation profiles of pitavastatin and memantine ODTs were both 62 when the optimized experimental settings for naftopidil formulations were applied. This methodology can be useful in formulation studies for estimating the BE probability between ODTs and CTs