セロトニンの嗅覚機能への影響

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1124号, 学位授与年月日：平成6年3月25日,学位授与年：199

Expression and Localization of the Cell Adhesion Molecule SgIGSF during Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice

Spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF) is a cell adhesion molecule originally discovered in mouse testis. SgIGSF is expressed not only in spermatogenic cells but also in lung and liver epithelial cells and in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the present study, we examined the expression and localization of SgIGSF in mouse olfactory epithelium before and after transection of the olfactory nerves, by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In normal olfactory mucosa, SgIGSF showed 100 kDa in molecular weight, which was identical with that in the lung but different from that in the brain. SgIGSF was expressed on the membrane of all olfactory, sustentacular and basal cells, but more abundantly in the apical portions of the olfactory epithelium where the dendrites of olfactory cells are in contact with sustentacular cells. After olfactory nerve transection, mature olfactory cells disappeared in 4 days but were regenerated around 7–15 days by proliferation and differentiation of basal cells into mature olfactory cells through the step of immature olfactory cells. During this period, both the mRNA and protein for SgIGSF showed a transient increase, with peak levels at 7 days and 11 days, respectively, after the transection. Immunohistochemistry showed that the enriched immunoreactivity for SgIGSF at 7–11 days was localized primarily to the membrane of immature olfactory cells. These results suggested that, during regeneration of the olfactory epithelium, the adhesion molecule SgIGSF plays physiological roles in differentiation, migration, and maturation of immature olfactory cells

Thallium transport and the evaluation of olfactory nerve connectivity between the nasal cavity and olfactory bulb

金沢大学医学部附属病院耳鼻咽喉科Little is known regarding how alkali metal ions are transported in the olfactory nerve following their intranasal administration. In this study, we show that an alkali metal ion, thallium is transported in the olfactory nerve fibers to the olfactory bulb in mice. The olfactory nerve fibers of mice were transected on both sides of the body under anesthesia. A double tracer solution (thallium-201, 201Tl; manganese-54, 54Mn) was administered into the nasal cavity the following day. Radioactivity in the olfactory bulb and nasal turbinate was analyzed with gamma spectrometry. Auto radiographic images were obtained from coronal slices of frozen heads of mice administered with 201Tl or 54Mn. The transection of the olfactory nerve fibers was confirmed with a neuronal tracer. The transport of intranasal administered 201Tl/54Mn to the olfactory bulb was significantly reduced by the transection of olfactory nerve fibers. The olfactory nerve transection also significantly inhibited the accumulation of fluoro-ruby in the olfactory bulb. Findings indicate that thallium is transported by the olfactory nerve fibers to the olfactory bulb in mice. The assessment of thallium transport following head injury may provide a new diagnostic method for the evaluation of olfactory nerve injury. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved

Matrix metalloproteinase expression in the olfactory epithelium

The olfactory epithelium contains neuronal progenitor cells capable of continuous neurogenesis and is a unique model for studying neural degeneration, regeneration, axon outgrowth and recovery from injury. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), have been implicated in cell turnover, development, migration, and metastatic processes. We used Western blot and immunohistochemistry to determine whether MMP-2 and associated proteins TIMP-2 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) are present in the olfactory epithelium of mice. We found MMP-2 expression localized to the olfactory basal cells and immature neurons. After injury-induced neural degeneration, MMP-2 and MT1-MMP levels decreased while TIMP-2 levels increased. However, following 35 days of neurogenesis and cell replacement TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP returned to control levels. The results show a correlation between MMP and TIMP levels and the stages of neural degeneration, regeneration and recovery of the olfactory epithelium following injury

Schizophyllum commune-induced allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and sinobronchial mycosis

We present 32- and 38-year-old males with Schizophyllum commune-induced allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). S. commune-induced AFRS was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic findings, positive specific IgE antibodies against S. commune as measured by the ImmunoCAP system, and sequencing analysis of the fungus. Our two cases with S. commune-induced AFRS for the first time showed evidence for type 1 hypersensitivity to S. commune as determined by using specific IgE antibodies against S. commune, and the fungus was identified by sequence analysis

Double immunostaining for SgIGSF and PCNA (), and SgIGSF and Gap43 () in olfactory epithelium 11 days after olfactory nerve transection

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Expression and Localization of the Cell Adhesion Molecule SgIGSF during Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice"</p><p></p><p>Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica 2007;40(2):43-52.</p><p>Published online 6 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874509.</p><p>Copyright © 2007 AHC</p> Merged pictures for both immunofluorescence are presented. () Nuclear PCNA (red) and membrane SgIGSF (green) do not occur in the same cells. () Cytoplasmic Gap43 (red) and membrane SgIGSF (green) mostly occur in the same cells. Bars=10 µm

Western blot analysis for SgIGSF in olfactory mucosa after olfactory nerve transection

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Expression and Localization of the Cell Adhesion Molecule SgIGSF during Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice"</p><p></p><p>Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica 2007;40(2):43-52.</p><p>Published online 6 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874509.</p><p>Copyright © 2007 AHC</p> () Protein samples were electrophoresed, blotted and stained with anti-SgIGSF and anti-α-tubulin antibodies. A representative result is shown. Lanes represent cerebrum (lane 1) and lung (2) from the control mouse, and olfactory musosa from mice 0 day (3), 4 days (4), 7 days (5), 11 days (6), 15 days (7) and 35 days (8) after the transection. Molecular weights (kDa) are indicated. () Relative intensity of SgIGSF band against α-tubulin at 0 day is set as 1 and the corresponding values after transection are plotted. Each point represents mean±SD of 3 samples. * Significantly different from 0 day value (

Immunoelectron microscopy for SgIGSF in olfactory epithelia 0 day () and 11 days () after olfactory nerve transection

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Expression and Localization of the Cell Adhesion Molecule SgIGSF during Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium in Mice"</p><p></p><p>Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica 2007;40(2):43-52.</p><p>Published online 6 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874509.</p><p>Copyright © 2007 AHC</p> () Intense immunoreactivity is localized to cell surface in apical portions of the epithelium. Weaker immunoreactivity is recognized on the cell surface in other portions. S, sustentacular cells; Om, mature olfactory cells. () At higher magnification of apical epithelial portions, the membrane of the dendrites (D) of mature olfactory cells and the opposing membrane of sustentacular cells (S) are intensely immunostained. Membrane portions at the base of the olfactory vesicle (OV) are immunonegative. () Intense immunoreactivity is localized to the middle portions of the epithelium where immature olfactory cells (Oi) exist, whereas it is not recognized in the apical portions of the epithelium. S, sustentacular cells. () At higher magnification of middle epithelial portions, the surface of immature olfactory cells (Oi) and the opposing membrane of sustentacular cells (S) are intensely immunostained. Bars=5 µm () and 1 µm ()