Competition Policy Toward Dominant Utility Companies: Vertical Divestiture or Access Rules?

This Article compares different methods of introducing competition into monopolistic utilities

The Prospect of Antitrust Law and Policy in the Twenty-First Century: In Reference to the Japanese Antimonopoly Law and Japan Fair Trade Commission

In this Article, I examine Japanese competition law and policy with a view toward increasing its effectiveness in establishing a pro-competitive Japanese economy

IP Licensing Competition Law Guidelines for Developing Countries: Implications from U.S., EU, and Japanese Guidelines

Licensing of intellectual property (IP) has played a vital role for dissemination of　technologies, and has contributed to spread innovation across industries. In consideration of this, and also taking into account exclusionary power granted to IP holders by IP laws, competition agencies in major developed countries/regions, most importantly, U.S., European Union (EU), and Japan have set up guidelines on application of competition laws to IP licensing. In contrast, developing countries, including China, have yet to　develop their competition law guidelines on IP licensing. This article compares competition law guidelines on IP licensing in U.S., EU and Japan, aiming to propose an outline of a model guideline for developing countries. Following Introduction (Part I), Part II considers how to set up "White lists" through distinguishing vertical from horizontal restraints. Part III considers how to set up "Black lists" (restraints treated as virtually per se illegal). Part IV considers how to set up market power screen as well as　safe harbors. Part V considers how best to apply the rule of reason. Part VI, as conclusion and summary, lists recommendation to developing countries for their IP guidelines.Asia Competition Forum in Hong Kong, December 6, 201