Urban air dispersion model of a mid-sized city. Validation methodology

Viana do Castelo is a mid-sized city located on the northwest Portuguese seaside, which undertook the challenge of developing an environmental program leading to the integration in the Healthy Cities European Network. Within this program includes prediction of pollutant concentration for NO2, CO, PM10, O3 and C6H6. This paper presents the methodology developed to validate the modelled results. Predicted concentrations were compared against measured concentrations of a chosen pollutant: Carbon Monoxide, CO. The methodology adopted was based in BOOT statistical approach. Five comparison statistics were calculated for three test points in order to find out the quality of the modelled results. Additionally, a hourly profile of predicted versus measured concentrations was developed.(undefined

Validation study of urban air dispersion model of Viana do Castelo

The City of Viana do Castelo in Portugal has developed an air quality program, which includes prediction of pollutant concentration for NO2, CO, PM10, O3 and C6H6. A range of numerical models were used to produce the concentration maps: the ADMS-Urban model for the pollutants dispersion; the Hills model to calculate air flow and turbulence over complex terrain, including the effects of variable surface roughness; the CORINAIR v.5 to estimate traffic emissions. This paper presents the methodology developed to validate the modelled results. Predicted concentrations were compared against measured concentrations of a chosen pollutant: Carbon Monoxide, CO. Five comparison statistics were calculated for three test points in order to find out the quality of the modelled results. Additionally, a hourly profile of predicted versus measured concentrations was developed

Avaliação de zonas de criticidade acústica: aplicação das potencialidades de um SIG na avaliação do ruído de uma cidade de média dimensão

O crescimento urbano, pelas dimensões que actualmente assume, vem exercendo pressões de forma continuada nos recursos, nas infra-estruturas e nos equipamentos, afectando negativamente o standard de vida dos cidadãos. Neste contexto, a avaliação e monitorização da qualidade do ambiente urbano tornou se um tema de primordial importância quando considerado como um instrumento de apoio à decisão para a construção de cidades mais sustentáveis e com melhor qualidade de vida. Viana do Castelo é uma cidade de média dimensão localizada no litoral norte de Portugal e que aceitou o desafio de desenvolver uma programa para a melhoria da qualidade do seu ambiente urbano, com o objectivo de aderir ao Projecto Cidades Saudáveis e integrar a Rede Europeia das Cidades Saudáveis. Neste programa, a caracterização do ruído urbano, nomeadamente a determinação dos níveis de intensidade sonora na zona urbana e da exposição da população ao ruído ambiente, foi considerada uma das acções prioritárias. A ferramenta adoptada para desenvolver estes estudos inclui modelos de previsão de ruído numa plataforma de SIG. Com base em dados de tráfego e nas características físicas do local foram desenvolvidos mapas de ruído e procedeu-se ao seu cruzamento com o zonamento acústico do território e com a população residente. Esta combinação foi a base para a identificação das zonas de criticidade acústica, em termos de níveis de ruído e dos índices de exposição da população a esses níveis de ruído. O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem deste problema, passando pelos fundamentos teóricos e pelo estudo desenvolvido para a cidade de Viana do Castelo

Fractal Metrology for biogeosystems analysis

The solid-pore distribution pattern plays an important role in soil functioning being related with the main physical, chemical and biological multiscale and multitemporal processes of this complex system. In the present research, we studied the aggregation process as self-organizing and operating near a critical point. The structural pattern is extracted from the digital images of three soils (<i>Chernozem, Solonetz</i> and <i>"Chocolate" Clay</i>) and compared in terms of roughness of the gray-intensity distribution quantified by several measurement techniques. Special attention was paid to the uncertainty of each of them measured in terms of standard deviation. Some of the applied methods are known as classical in the fractal context (box-counting, rescaling-range and wavelets analyses, etc.) while the others have been recently developed by our Group. The combination of these techniques, coming from Fractal Geometry, Metrology, Informatics, Probability Theory and Statistics is termed in this paper <i>Fractal Metrology</i> (FM). We show the usefulness of FM for complex systems analysis through a case study of the soil's physical and chemical degradation applying the selected toolbox to describe and compare the structural attributes of three porous media with contrasting structure but similar clay mineralogy dominated by montmorillonites

Genomic evaluation for novel stayability traits in Nellore cattle.

Cow stayability plays a major role on the overall profitability of the beef cattle industry, as it is directly related to reproductive efficiency and cow's longevity. Stayability (STAY63) is usually defined as the ability of the cow to calve at least three times until 76 months of age. This is a late-measured and lowly heritable trait, which consequently constrains genetic progress per time unit. Thus, the use of genomic information associated with novel stayability traits measured earlier in life will likely result in higher prediction accuracy and faster genetic progress for cow longevity. In this study, we aimed to compare pedigree-based and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methods as well as to estimate genetic correlations between the proposed stayability traits: STAY42, STAY53 and S TAY64, which are measured at 52, 64 and 76 months of cow's age, considering at least 2, 3 and 4 calving, respectively. ssGBLUP yielded the highest prediction accuracy for all traits. The heritability estimates for STAY42, STAY53, STAY63 and STAY64 were 0.090, 0.151, 0.152 and 0.143, respectively. The genetic correlations between traits ranged from 0.899 (STAY42 and STAY53) to 0.985 (STAY53 and STAY63). The high genetic correlation between STAY42 and STAY53 suggests that besides being related to cow longevity, STAY53 is also associated with the early-stage reproductive efficiency. Thus, STAY53 is recommended as a suitable selection criterion for reproductive efficiency due to its higher heritability, favourable genetic correlation with other traits, and measured earlier in life, compared with the conventional stayability trait, that is STAY63

Organ-specific allergen challenges in airway allergy: Current utilities and future directions

Atopy has been long used as the screening method for airway allergy. Nevertheless, aeroallergens can trigger respiratory symptoms not only in atopic patients (atopic res piratory allergy, ARA), but also in non-atopic subjects (local respiratory allergy, LRA). Moreover, ARA and LRA can coexist in the same patient, and this clinical scenario has been called dual respiratory allergy (DRA). When the clinical history cannot determine the relevance of sensitizations in ARA patients, nasal, conjunctival or bronchial aller gen challenges (NAC, CAC, and BAC, respectively) should be conducted. Moreover, these tests are required to identify patients with LRA and DRA. The clarification of the allergic triggers of airway diseases has a profound impact on the management strategies the patients can be offered. Importantly, allergen immunotherapy (AIT) remains as the only disease-modifying intervention for ARA. Recent data indicate that AIT might have a similar effect on LRA patients. Nevertheless, AIT success relies largely on the correct phenotyping of allergic individuals, and NAC, CAC, and BAC are very helpful tools in this regard. In this review, we will summarize the main indications and methodology of CAC, NAC, and BAC. Importantly, the clinical implementation of these tests might translate into precision medicine approaches and better health outcomes for patients with airway allergy.Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P20_00405; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Number: PI20/01715, RD21/0002/0008, CM21/00262, CM20/00160, JR22/00048 and JR19/00029. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Aqueous and Ethanolic Valeriana officinalis Extracts Change the Binding of Ligands to Glutamate Receptors

The effects of two valerian extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) were investigated through [3H]Glutamate ([3H]Glu) and [3H]Fluorowillardine ([3H]FW) receptor binding assays using rat synaptic membranes in presence of different receptor ligands. In addition, the extract stability was monitored spectrophotometrically. Both extracts demonstrated interaction with ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). However, the extracts displayed considerable differences in receptor selectivity. The hydroalcoholic extract selectively interacted with quisqualic acid (QA), group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligand, while the aqueous extract did not alter the binding of QA. The stability of the extracts was examined during several weeks. Freshly prepared extract inhibited 38–60% of [3H]FW binding (AMPA). After 10 days, the aqueous extract inhibited 85% of [3H]FW binding while the hydroalcoholic extract markedly potentiated (200%) [3H]FW binding to AMPA receptors. Thus, our results showed that factors such as extraction solvent and extract stability determine the selectivity for glutamate receptor (GluR) interactions

LA GESTIÓN DEL CAMBIO EN LA ATENCIÓN MÉDICA TRADICIONAL: LA TELEMEDICINA COMO NUEVO ENFOQUE DE LA ATENCIÓN MÉDICA AL PACIENTE EN HONDURAS

El objetivo del artículo es investigar sobre el uso de la telemedicina en Honduras. Para ello, se aplicó un instrumento de consulta y una entrevista, identificando los siguientes hallazgos: inexistencia de marco jurídico y de plataforma de registro único en salud interoperable, existencia de una marcada brecha digital; además, la participación del Gobierno y el Colegio Médico de Honduras como actores claves. Concluyendo en la necesidad de un marco jurídico, sistema único de salud y la reducción de brecha digital