Introducing and testing the personal-collective-governmental efficacy typology: How personal, collective, and governmental efficacy subtypes are associated with differential environmental actions

Efficacy beliefs are pivotal for pro-environmental actions but conceptualized and labeled differently across research lines. Based on research from multiple fields in the social sciences, this paper presents a complete synthesis of how seven efficacy beliefs relate to pro-environmental action in the Personal-Collective-Governmental typology (PCG). The goal of this typology is to bridge social science disciplines, spark future research, and help explain environmentally significant behavior. A cross-sectional study (N = 556) confirms, using CFA, that seven efficacy subtypes can be discerned. Further, we used the typology to investigate how the seven efficacy subtypes are associated with a range of pro-environmental actions. OLS regressions showed that different efficacy subtypes are associated with different classes of pro-environmental action (e.g., private sphere behavioral intentions, public sphere behavioral intentions, private sphere policy support, and public sphere policy support). Supplemental Relative Importance Analyses gave an indication of which efficacy subtypes are most important for the different classes of pro-environmental action. This new PCG classification generates novel predictions and enables researchers to select fitting efficacy interventions for specific behaviors

Cohort study on the experiences of cancer diagnosis and treatment in Iceland in the year 2015-2019

Spáð er mikilli fjölgun krabbameinstilfella á Íslandi næstu áratugi. Mikilvægt er að fá aukna innsýn í reynslu þeirra sem greinast með krabbamein með það að markmiði að bæta lífsgæði þeirra og horfur.INTRODUCTION: In the coming years, an increase in the number of cancer cases can be expected in Iceland. It is important to gain more insight into the experiences of the diagnostic- and treatment phase among those diagnosed with cancer to improve quality of life and life expectancy. METHODS: The study included 4575 individuals diagnosed with cancer between 2015 and 2019 in Iceland, 18 years or older at the time. Participants answered an on-line questionnaire once between 2020 and 2021. RESULTS: A total of 1672 (37%) individuals responded to the questionnaire. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years (±12). The majority of participants were informed on their cancer diagnosis during a doctor's appointment (67%), but a quarter (25%) received the information by telephone. A total of 77% of participants were satisfied with the diagnostic process, thereof relatively fewer women than men (73% vs. 83%) (p<0,001). Fewer of those who received the cancer diagnosis by telephone were pleased with the diagnostic process (62%) compared with those receiving information during a doctor's appointment (85%) (p<0,001). More women (58%) than men (33%) expressed the need for support regarding mental well-being from healthcare professionals during the diagnostic process (p<0.001). In 2015, 36% of participants started treatment more than month after diagnosis, compared with 51% in 2019. The need for various specific resources during treatment, e.g. physiotherapy, psychological services or nutritional counseling were regularly assessed among 20-30% of participants. CONCLUSION: A quarter of respondents diagnosed with cancer received information about the diagnosis over the phone instead of an interview. There is a suggestion that the time from diagnosis to the start of cancer treatment is increasing. It is necessary to assess whether it is possible to support individuals with cancer better during the diagnostic- and treatment phase based on their individual needs.Peer reviewe