Natural science education concept for sustainable development

У статті розкрито сутність поняття "екологічний та еволюційний підхід", концептуальні ідеї еколого-еволюційного підходу (ідея еволюції та ідея екоцентризму). Автори визначили методологічні засади еколого-еволюційного підходу до навчання. Розроблено та науково обґрунтовано концепцію викладання природничих наук на основі еколого-еволюційного підходу та дидактичні засади впровадження еколого-еволюційного підходу до викладання природничих наук (дидактичні умови, принципи та закони), що візуалізується в дидактичній моделі . Розроблено технологію викладання біології на основі екологічного та еволюційного підходу. Результати педагогічного експерименту довели ефективність технології викладання біології на основі екологічного та еволюційного підходу, а також концепції та реалізації педагогічних принципів екологічного та еволюційного підходу до викладання природничих наук.The article is revealed essence and the concept of “ecological and evolutionary approach”, conceptual ideas of ecological and evolutionary approach (the idea of evolution and the idea of ecocentrism) are disclosed. Author determined methodological principles of ecological and evolutionary approach to teaching. The concept of teaching natural sciences on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach and didactic principles of implementation of ecological and evolutionary approach to the teaching of natural sciences (didactic conditions, principles and laws) are developed and scientifically substantiated which is visualized in a didactic model of teaching natural science on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach. The technology of teaching biology based on ecological and evolutionary approach is developed. Results of pedagogical experiment proved the effectiveness of the technology of teaching biology on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach and the conception and implementation of teaching principles of ecological and evolutionary approach to the teaching of natural sciences embodied in it

Percutaneous cystolithotripsy for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Introduction. According to the literature, 5.0% of patients with urolithiasis are characterized by the presence of stones in the bladder. The issue of bladder stones for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia remains relevant and requires further improvement of approaches to surgical treatment.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of energy-diverse percutaneous cystolithotripsy (and placement of a cystostomy catheter) in comparison with transurethral cystolithotripsy.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 56 cases in patients (aged 54-82 years) with bladder stones was carried out. All patients were treated in the Urology Clinic of the Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University from 2019 to 2021. Two groups were formed: group I — 26 (46.4%) patients who underwent percutaneous cystolithotripsy, group II — 30 (53.6%) patients underwent transurethral cystolithotripsy. The duration of surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed.Results. On average, the duration of surgery for the percutaneous approach was shorter than for transurethral access (35 vs 44 min). The stone-free rate in the case of the percutaneous approach was 100.0%, while in transurethral cystolithotripsy the stone-free rate was 90.0%. In the early postoperative period, in groups I and II, gross hematuria was observed for 2 (7.6%) and 4 (13.3%) patients, respectively. In the late postoperative period, 2 patients from group II had a urethral stricture.Conclusions. Percutaneous cystolithotripsy is a minimally invasive method of stone fragmentation, characterized by a minimal risk of intra- and postoperative complications

Comparative analysis of existing prognostic scales of cytoreductive operations on liver metastases of colorectal cancer

In the article there is an overview of existing prognostic scales for cytoreductive operations on liver metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver to improve patient selection for surgery, according to the modern domestic and foreign literature.В статье выполнен обзор по данным современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы существующих прогностических шкал циторедуктивных операций на печени по поводу метастазов колоректального рака в печени для улучшения отбора пациентов на хирургическое лечение

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in urology

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the most common and practicable plasma-therapy techniques. The wide therapeutic range for the use of this technique in various medical fields is due to its high content of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. The property of PRP to induce tissue regeneration is particularly highlighted, which is used actively for the treatment of a broad range of urological diseases. The review aimed to highlight the accumulated material on the topic of the use of autologous biomaterials based on blood in urology. This article highlights the urgent need for further study of the prospects for the use of autoplasma technologies in wide multicenter studies

The use of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases in the liver (review)

In this paper there is a review of available minimally invasive methods of local treatment of colorectal liver metastases, according to the modem domestic and foreign literature, including: ablative techniques (such as radiofrequency ablation, laser thermoablation, cryoablation), stereotactic radiotherapy, and endovascular techniques ( chemoinfusion, chemoembolization, radioembolization). Comparative description of individual treatment methods with surgical technique and with each other.В статье выполнен обзор по данным современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы существующих малоинвазивных методов локального воздействия на метастазы колоректального рака в печени, включающих: абляционные методики (такие как радиочастотная абляция, лазерная термоабляция, криоабляция), стереотаксическую лучевую терапию, а также рентгенэндоваскулярные методики (химиоинфузия, химиоэмболизация, радиоэмболизация). Проведена сравнительная характеристика отдельных методов лечения с хирургическим методом и между собой

Extensive penile skin necrosis after surgery for Peyronie's disease

The clinical case represents the surgical correction of postoperative complications in a patient with Peyronie's disease. The patient underwent flap corporoplasty using an autovein. The late postoperative period in the patient was complicated by extensive necrosis of the penile skin, which required repeated surgery as follows. The first stage of surgical treatment was performed by excision of necrotic tissues of the penile skin. Within 10 days of the postoperative period, chymotrypsin with an ointment containing dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine with chloramphenicol was applied to the penile wound surface to prepare the wound for subsequent skin autotransplantation. Further, within 5 days, the polymeric drainage sorbent «Aseptisorb DT» was applied to the wound surface until the wound was cleansed and granulation tissue was formed. The second stage of the surgical treatment performed penile skin replacement plasty with a free perforated skin graft taken from the patient's femoral surface

YV-plasty in the treatment of patients with recurrent bladder neck stenosis

Introduction. Bladder neck stenosis (BNS) is a late complication of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Available methods of endoscopic correction in primary BNS have limited effectiveness, while in recurrent cases their use does not lead to satisfactory results at all. YV-plasty of the bladder neck (BN) is one of the available methods of treatment for recurrent BNS.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the treatment results of patients with recurrent BNS using endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN.Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment results of 8 patients with recurrent BNS who underwent endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN in the Urology Division No.1 of the St. Luke St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital from 2019 to 2021.Results. Endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the bladder neck was successfully performed in all 8 patients. The mean preoperative Qmax was 3.7 ml/s (1.8 – 5.7). At 6 months after surgery, the mean Qmax was 21.4 mL/s (16.7 – 24.1). The mean preoperative I-PSS score was 20.5 (17 – 24). The mean I-PSS score 6 months after surgery was 7.1 (5.0 – 9.0). No cases of de-novo stress urinary incontinence were registered.Conclusions. Endovideoscopic YV-plasty of the BN may be an effective and safe method of treatment of patients with recurrent BNS. However, further studies are needed to obtain long-term results

XM02 is superior to placebo and equivalent to Neupogen™ in reducing the duration of severe neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in cycle 1 in breast cancer patients receiving docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapy

Abstract Background Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) such as Filgrastim are used to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. We investigated a new G-CSF, XM02, and compared it to Neupogen™ after myelotoxic chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods A total of 348 patients with BC receiving docetaxel/doxorubicin chemotherapy were randomised to treatment with daily injections (subcutaneous 5 μg/kg/day) for at least 5 days and a maximum of 14 days in each cycle of XM02 (n = 140), Neupogen™ (n = 136) or placebo (n = 72). The primary endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) in cycle 1. Results The mean DSN in cycle 1 was 1.1, 1.1, and 3.9 days in the XM02, Neupogen™, and placebo group, respectively. Superiority of XM02 over placebo and equivalence of XM02 with Neupogen™ could be demonstrated. Toxicities were similar between XM02 and Neupogen™. Conclusion XM02 was superior to placebo and equivalent to Neupogen™ in reducing DSN after myelotoxic chemotherapy. Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN02270769</p

Giant penile melanoma

Primary penile melanoma is an extremely rare casuistic pathology associated with a poor prognosis. The article presents a clinical case of massive lesion of the penis with malignant melanoma, and discusses surgical methods for treating this pathology