ASEAN 諸国のマクロ経済状況 (教授研究会報告要旨1: 2018年6月20日(水))

The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the quantity and quality of bone by quantitative ultrasound (OUS) measurements and to assess bone resorption by urinary excretion measurement of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) in an adult Turkish population living in an endemic fluorosis area and consuming drinking water with a high fluoride (F) concentration (mean 3.57 ppm F). Excretion of urinary CTX, heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (HBUA; dB/MHz), and speed of sound (SOS; m/s) were examined in 122 Turkish adults (37 premenopausal, 40 post-menopausal women, and 45 men) living in the endemic fluorosis area. For comparison, the same measurements were made on 117 controls (48 pre-menopausal women, 34 post-menopausal women, and 35 men) living in a nonendemic low F water area (mean 0.4 ppm F). In the F endemic area urinary excretion of CTX was higher in all subjects, whereas calcaneal BUA was lower in post-menopausal women. In the F endemic area SOS was significantly greater among pre-menopausal women but was not significantly different in the other two groups. Although non-trauma bone fracture rates were not significantly different among any of the groups, some of the bone marker differences indicate that exposure to prolonged high concentration of F may increase the risk of bone fracture, especially in post-menopausal women

Ege Bölgesinde Organik Zeytin Yetiştiriciliği

Bu çalışmada, insan beslenmesi ve sağlığı açısından çok önemli bir ürün olan zeytinin yetiştirilmesinde, konvansiyonel yöntemlere alternatif olarak organik tarım yöntemlerinin uygulanabilirliğinin belirlenmesi, fenolojik, pomolojik ve ekonomik farklılıkların ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Güney Ege Bölgesinin en önemli yağlık çeşidi olan Memecik zeytin çeşidinde Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsünün Kemalpaşa üretim alanında 2004-2007 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada organik parsellerde toprak verimliliğini artırmak amacıyla yeşil gübreleme, organik gübre, organik tarım yönetmeliğinde izin verilen mineral maddeler, konvansiyonel parsellerde ise kimyasal gübreler uygulanmıştır. Zeytin sineği popülasyon takibi Mc phail ve sarı yapışkan tuzaklar, zeytin güvesi ise delta tipi feremon tuzaklar ile yapılmıştır. Organik parsellerde zeytin sineği mücadelesinde Ecotrap, neemazal ve kaolin uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Konvansiyonel parsellerde mücadele Fenthion ile yapılmıştır. Her iki parseldeki ağaçlarda sürgün boyu, somak ve çiçek adeti, meyvelerde ise tane adedi ve ağırlığı, eni, boyu, et/çekirdek oranları, ürün miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen zeytinyağlarında ise yağ asitleri bileşimleri ve zeytinyağı kalite parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yaprak ve toprak analizleri ile bitki besin maddelerinin değişimleri incelenmiş, parsellerden elde edilen meyvelerde kalıntı analizleri yapılmıştır. Meyve örneklerinde yapılan analizlerde organik fosforlu nitrojenli ve sülfürlü pestisitlere rastlanmamıştır. Her iki grupta da ürün miktarı, yağ kalite parametreleri ve yağ asitleri bileşiminde önemli bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Yapılan organik tarım uygulamalarıyla, konvansiyonel yöntemler uygulanarak sağlanan verim ve kalitede ürün elde edilmiştir

Comparison of two different techniques of electrotherapy on myofascial pain

This study was designed to compare the effects of Transcutaneus Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) on myofascial trigger point (MTrP) of the upper trapezius muscle. A total of 40 patients were randomly divided into three groups. All patients had active MTrP in one side of the upper trapezius muscles. Group I was treated with TENS and trapezius-stretching exercises; Group II was treated with EMS and trapezius-stretching exercises and Group III, the control group, had only trapezius-stretching exercises. Subjective pain intensity with VAS, range of motion (ROM), and pain threshold (PT) were assessed before, immediately after two week treatment and 3 months after treatment. Group I had a statistically significant reduction in VAS (P 0.05). In conclusion, TENS seem to be more effective immediately after treatment but in long term evaluation there is no significant superiority of two electrotherapy techniques on each other

Efficacy of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of open kinetic chain (OKC) exercises versus closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises on the pain and functional capacity of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Thirthy patients with diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome were divided into two groups randomly. The two groups each consisting of in 15 patients were taken under OKC or CKC exercise program for 6-weeks. The exercise program were arranged as 3 days per week. All the patients were evaluated before the beginning of their exercise program, at the end of exercise program and 3 months after beginning of their exercise program. Pain during the night, walking, sitting and stepping up-down was evaluated by VAS; functional level was evaluated by Kujala Scale, squat test, step test and tripple jump test; strength of the hamstring, quadriseps femoris and hip adductors was measured by 10 RM. There were no statistically significant differences for pain, functional level and muscle strength measurements between the closed and open kinetic chain exercise groups at the beginning of the exercise program (p > 0,05). At the end of the exercise and three months after the beginning of the exercise program there were statistically significant improvement in pain, functional level and muscle strength of both groups (p0,05). As a result, we can conclude that both open and closed kinetic chain exercise programs are both effective on pain, function and muscle strength at patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women

Objective: To compare the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on weight, muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure and mood in obese women who were not on an energy-restricted diet. Design: Randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Setting: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital. Subjects: Sixty obese women were assigned to one of three groups: aerobic exercise (n = 20), resistance exercise (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Interventions: The aerobic exercise group performed both walking and leg cycle exercise with increasing duration and frequency. The resistance exercise group performed progressive weight-resistance exercises for the upper and lower body. Main outcome measures: Before and after a 12-week period, all subjects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, rating of mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and maximum strength of trained muscles. Results: After a 12-week training period, subjects in the resistance group showed significant improvement in one-repetition maximum test of hip abductors (7.95 ± 3.58 kg), quadriceps (14 ± 7.18 kg), biceps (3.37 ± 2.84 kg) and pectorals (8.75 ± 5.09 kg) compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001). VO2 max increased (0.51 ± 0.40) and Beck Depression Scale scores decreased (-5.40 ± 4.27) in the aerobic exercise group compared with the control group, significantly (P < 0.001). Only in hip abductor muscle strength was there a significant increase in the resistance exercise group compared with the aerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise resulted in improved performance and exercise capacity in obese women. While aerobic exercise appeared to be beneficial with regard to improving depressive symptoms and maximum oxygen consumption, resistance exercise was beneficial in increasing muscle strength. © 2006 SAGE Publications

The impact of disease severity in carpal tunnel syndrome on grip strength, pinch strength, fine motor skill and depression

[Purpose] We evaluated the impact of disease severity on symptoms, functional status of hand and depression of patients diagnosed as having carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). [Subjects and Methods] Ninety-nine patients with diagnosis of unilateral CTS in the dominant extremity were enrolled in the study. Patients' clinical parameters, grip strength, lateral, tip and tripod pinch strengths, two-point discrimination (2-PD), Semmes Weinstein Monofilament test and Purdue Pegboard test (PPT) were evaluated. The Beck Depression Scale (BDS) was used to evaluate patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups, mild, moderate and advanced CTS, according to electrophysiological parameters. [Results] Thirty-three patients had mild, 34 patients had moderate and 32 patients had advanced CTS. There were statistically significant decreases in tripod and tip pinch strength and a statistically significant increase in the score of the 2-PD test in the advanced CTS group compared to the mild and moderate CTS groups. While there was a significant decrease in the dominant hand subtest of PPT in the advanced CTS group compared to the mild CTS group, no differences in the other subtests of PPT were found. The BDS scores of patients with advanced CTS were significantly higher than those of patients with mild CTS. [Conclusion] Tip and tripod pinch strength decreased, sense of touch and fine motor skill deteriorated and depression status increased with disease severity

Effectiveness of conventional versus virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation exercises in elderly patients with dizziness: a randomized controlled study with 6-month follow-up

Objectives: To investigate the effect of vestibular rehabilitation exercises supported with virtual reality containing real-life environments on dizziness, static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, fear of falling, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with dizziness. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, 32-patients aged 65-years and older who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic with dizziness complaint randomly assigned to 2 groups. In Group 1 (n = 16), vestibular rehabilitation program, supported with virtual reality, and in Group 2 (n = 16), conventional vestibular rehabilitation program was applied 30-min a day, 5 sessions per week, 15 sessions in total for 3 weeks. Subjects were evaluated with The Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Berg Balance Test (BBT) and Timed Up &amp; Go Test (TUG), Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Postural Stability Test (PST), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) at baseline, at the end of the treatment and 6-months after the treatment. Results: Statistically significant improvements were seen in the DHI emotional subscale and TUG in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the end of the treatment in elderly with dizziness (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant improvements in the VSS, all DHI subgroups, and total scores, BBT, HAS in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the 6-months after the treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of vestibular rehabilitation in a virtual reality environment can lead to additional improvements especially in dizziness symptoms, disability, balance, and mobility in the elderly with chronic dizziness

Efficacy of home based exercise program and postural biofeedback therapy in reducing risk of falling among osteoporotic women over 65 years of age

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the effects of home-based vestibular exercise and biofeedback training on balance, fall risk, functional mobility, emotional state and quality of life among osteoporotic women. Materials and Method: Sixty osteoporotic women aged over 65 were randomized to four groups of 15 people: home-based vestibular exercise, biofeedback training, vestibular exercise+biofeedback training and control group. Training programs were performed in all groups. Biofeedback training was performed in 20 minute sessions,10 sessions a month. Vestibular exercises were prescribed once daily with 10 repetitions for one month. Fall risk obtained by Tetrax, Berg balance test, Timed Up-and- Go test, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: Compared to the control group, statistically significant improvements in fall risk, balance, GDS scores and physical function, role emotional and general health subgroups of SF-36 test were observed in all of the intervention groups (p<0.05). Subjects treated with both biofeedback and vestibular exercise exhibited significantly greater improvements in fall risk and balance compared with those treated with vestibular rehabilitation alone (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vestibular home-based exercises, biofeedback training and combination of the two are effective in reducing risk of falling, and improving balance, functional mobility, emotional state and quality of life. Adding biofeedback therapy to vestibular exercises enhances its efficacy in reducing risk of falls and improving balance. The shortness of the treatment period and lack of information on long term effects of the treatment were the limitations of our study