HISTORICAL AND CLASS BASIS OF REACTIONS TOWARDS MODERNIZATION IN TURKEY / TÜRKIYE’DE ÇAĞDAŞLAŞMA”YA YÖNELIK TEPKİLERİN TARIHSEL VE SINIFSAL TEMELLERI

Modernization term is a process of disintegration social institutions from traditions. As modernization process which began in Turkey in 18.-thCentury has fell short of social goals, it also get reactions from Turkish society. In this article, the reasons of overallnegative reactions of society and aforesaid failure are discussed in background (social class and economical) extent of modernity process. In the process which includes more than two hundred historical periods, peasentry class that constitutes predominant majority of the society are oppressed and excluded from society, only a small group benefit from innovations and regulations. In reality, Modernity process is not the reason for impoverishment and oppression of wide majority of Turkish society. However impoverishment and oppression process of peasentry class that began in 16th century continued the process of modernity that began in 18th century and deepened. For this reason all the images of modernity process constitutes manner, behavior and life habits that Turkish society seen as responsible either openly or secretly. The subject area of the article includes the era which started in Selim the third period and the end of one party term in 20th century. Social reactions towards modernization in Turkey are exemplified with four social eventsoccurred in 2015. These events are general elections that is in 2015, national football matches that are played in Konya and Istanbul, Kebab and Turnip Festival which is attacked as it includes alcohol, and reactions towards New Year celebrations. The reason for selection of only these examples to objectify reactions towards modernization process is because these social events constitute the most powerful agenda items in 2015. Two basic ways are followed to collect historical content data. Firstly, researches with sociological-content that are related with this period are used. In reality, Turkey has a rich sociological literature that researches the social structure between 18th and 20th century. Secondly, social-realistic kind of literature, which aims to reflect the period as it is, is used. In Turkey, an attempt which aims to use social-realistic native literature kinds in sociology area is still new. Besides, products of realistic-social literature kinds’ focusing on social realities and their aiming of reflecting social realities as it is, makes them one of the primary data collection tools

FUNCTIONS AND SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF IBN KHALDUN’S ASABIY / İbn Haldun’da Asabİyye Olgusunun İşlevleri ve Toplumsal Temellerİ

The primary reason why Ibn Khaldun is regarded as “the pioneer of the 14th Century Sociology”, is the scientific methodology he adopted so as to examine and describe social events. This methodological approach can be summarized as a combination of induction and the attempt to understand the causal relationship between social events and phenomena. For the purpose of the present study, the asabiyyah concept was chosen as the focal concern out of numerous social variables that Ibn Khaldun examined, and his sociological findings on social determiners, and results of this particular concept were discussed. The researcher used two translations of Muqaddimah as the primary sources. To conclude, the asabiyyah serves three basic social functions, namely founding a state, protecting the country, and ruling over other tribes. Moreover, Ibn Khaldun also investigates the socio-economic reality which underlies the asabiyyah

Coparenting in the context of Mother–Father–Infant versus Mother–Grandmother–Infant triangular interactions in Turkey.

In this report, coparenting behaviors during triangular interactions among families raising a 3-month-old infant in Turkey are examined. Given the significant role played by extended family members in Turkish culture, coparenting dynamics were examined as mothers and babies played together with grandmothers, as well as together with fathers. Forty-five families took part, and 42 father–mother–baby and 33 grandmother–mother–baby triangular interactions of approximately 10 min in length were filmed during the Lausanne Trilogue Play. From videotapes of the interactions, individual and mutual coparenting behaviors were evaluated using the Coparenting and Family Rating System: 3 Month Adaptation (CFRS3M). Results indicated that while mothers’ own parenting behavior when in the LTP role of Active Parent (AP) was comparable whether with fathers or grandmothers, their behavior when in the LTP role of third party parent (TPP) was comparatively more engaged while with fathers than while with grandmothers. Fathers were comparatively less engaged when occupying the TPP role than were mothers in the TPP role, while grandmothers showed more flirting and distracting behavior in the TPP role than did either fathers or mothers. These findings are significant in documenting meaningful distinctions in Turkish grandmothers’ as well as in Turkish fathers’ and mothers’ coparenting propensities when engaging in triangular interactions with babies during the LTP