Mapping the Needs of Different Groups of Athletes of the City of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia During Crisis Situations (Covid – 19 and Earthquake) – Athlete Perspective

This paper was created as part of the project "Trešnjevka Wrestlers for Civil Society Sports Organizations (SOCD) in Crisis Situations." with a specific ambition - to pursue improving the capacity of civil society organizations to respond to the needs of the local community in crisis situations. For this purpose and as one of the project activities, the mapping of the needs of different groups of athletes and sports workers of the City of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia during the crises of Covid – 19 and the earthquake is carried out. This research used a qualitative approach that includes focus group pre-research. To ensure broad coverage of the researched topic and for the purpose of heterogeneity, research deliberately focused on 17 different groups of sport. The structure of pre-research participants who were selected intentionally from 17 sports resulted in a total of 17 athletes. All respondents are athletes and adults who have consented to participate in the survey. Qualitative research was conducted through pre-questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and the survey was guided from February to April 2022. Each athlete belonging to a defined sports community (club or federation) was examined separately. Respondents were introduced to the aim of the research and general questions asked and were also informed about the confidentiality of the answers. Collected data materials were processed by comparative analysis. Alternate observation of the responses, similarities and differences among them, and according to the superior aspect of the research (improving the capacity of civil society organizations to provide an effective response to the needs of the local community in crisis situations) along with the intensity of life quality for athletes managing sport during the pandemic, led to the following question: What needs have been identified by different groups of athletes of the City of Zagreb and the Republic of Croatia during crises (Covid - 19 and earthquakes)? The most frequent declarations are associated with impaired training continuity or suspension of training due to epidemiological measures and earthquake-damaged infrastructure, cancellation of the competitions and a decrease in motivation.  Keywords: occurrences, crisis situations, athletes, needs assessment, quality of lif

<em>Trichoderma</em>: Invisible Partner for Visible Impact on Agriculture

Species of genus Trichoderma may benefit as plant pathogen control agent (mycofungicide) and plant growth promoter (biofertilizer) and their application may lower the production costs and environmental impact. Direct effects of these fungi on plant growth and development are crucially important for agricultural uses and for understanding the roles of Trichoderma in natural and managed ecosystems. The Trichoderma potential as bioagent is utilized through the commercial production of Trichoderma-based product. Commercial products of Trichoderma-based biofungicides account for about 60% of the biofungicide market, while the availability and dispersion of Trichoderma-based biofertilizers are more widespread than commonly known with a tendency to expand due to the easier registrations. Limiting factors for availability of commercial products are expensiveness of registration requirements as they must be registered as pesticides, especially patenting, efficacy testing, toxicological, and biosafety testing. This chapter intends to give insight into agricultural importance of Trichoderma and current status of implementation of Trichoderma products in developing and in the developed countries

Downy Mildew of Basil: A New Destructive Disease Worldwide

Oomycete pseudofungus (Peronospora belbahrii) is a causal of devastating basil downy mildew disease because once infected basil plants are no longer marketable. The host range is limited to basil and hyssop. Coleus was previously considered as host as well, but pathogen causing downy mildew on coleus has been shown genetically different and specified as P. belbahrii sensu lato. Therefore, P. belbahrii is described as a complex species, likely defined by plant host. The P. belbahrii is air-borne and seed-borne pathogen and it does not need a vector for dispersal. The disease was firstly reported from Africa where it is assumed to have originated on sweet basil and 70 years later it was reported from Europe. Currently, basil downy mildew is of pandemic occurrence and the pathogen is present in almost all areas around the world where basil is cultivated. Since the pathogen is transmitted by the seed, there is a high risk of the pathogen spread by the seed trade

Pleomorphic Vulvar Leiomyoma with Local Invasive Behavior

A case of pleomorphic leiomyoma in Bartholin gland\u27s area in a 26-year-old woman is reported. After diagnostic treatment, primary excision was done. A large, solid tumor 10 7.5 cm was extirpated. The tumor showed locally invasive behavior, which suggested a malignant tumor of Bartholin gland, because of it\u27s localization and outlook. Pathohistological examination and immunohistochemical reactions proved that it was a mesenchymal tumor of smooth muscle origin with marked polymorphism, without mitosis, with a myxoid stroma and with biological aggressivity, and the possibility of local recurrence. Thus, a second more radical surgical procedure, was performed. In the excised tissue, no residual tumor was found and all lymphnodes were negative

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The aim of this retrospective study was to present the impact of successful optimal cytoreductive therapy on the overall prognosis of ovarian cancer treatment. Several factors were analyzed, including clinical (stage, age and parity), histopathologic/cytological (histologic type and grade of tumors, cytological findings of ascites or peritoneal washout), and therapeutic (surgery performed with the degree of cytoreduction, adjuvant chemotherapy and response to therapy). The study included 126 patients treated during a 5-year period at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Osijek University Hospital Centre in Osijek. Patient age ranged from 29 to 82, total 5-year survival was 55.5% and median survival was 76.2 months. Optimal cytoreduction (residual tumor <1 cm) was performed in 49.2% of patients. On data analysis, the life chart method, χ2-test and Cox regression analysis were used. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Parity, histologic tumor grade, presence of malignant cells in ascites and peritoneal washout, as well as clinical stage yielded statistical significance on univariate analysis. Cytoreductive ovarian cancer therapy turned out to be a significant prognostic factor and on multivariate analysis proven to be an independent prognostic factor. Optimal cytoreduction, besides direct effect on survival, improved the quality of therapeutic response of the tumor to chemotherapy.Cilj ove retrospektivne studije bio je prikazati utjecaj optimalne citoreduktivne terapije na ukupnu prognozu liječenja raka jajnika. Analizirano je nekoliko čimbenika uključujući kliničke (stupanj, dob i paritet), histopatološke/citološke (histološki tip i stupanj tumora, citološki nalaz ascitesa ili peritonealnog ispiranja) i terapijske značajke (operativni zahvat sa stupnjem citoredukcije, adjuvantne kemoterapije i odgovora na terapiju). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 126 bolesnica liječenih tijekom petogodišnjeg razdoblja na Klinici za ginekologiju i opstetriciju Kliničkog bolničkog centra u Osijeku. Dob bolesnica bila je u rasponu od 29 do 82 godine, ukupno petogodišnje preživljavanje bilo je 55,5%, a medijan preživljenja 76,2 mjeseca. Optimalna citoredukcija (rezidualni tumor <1 cm) provedena je u 49,2% bolesnica. Na temelju analize podataka korištena je metoda dijagrama preživljenja, χ2-test i Coxova regresijska analiza. Razina značajnosti je postavljena na p<0,05. Paritet, histološki stupanj tumora, prisutnost malignih stanica u ascitesu i peritonealnom ispiranju, kao i klinički stadij su se pokazali statistički značajni pri univarijatnoj analizi. Citoreduktivna terapija raka jajnika pokazala se značajnim prognostičkim čimbenikom i prikazana je u multivarijatnoj analizi kao neovisni prognostički čimbenik. Optimalna citoredukcija, osim izravnog učinka na preživljavanje, poboljšala je i kvalitetu terapijskog odgovora tumora na kemoterapiju