Effect of slowly L-cysteine releasing capsules (2 x 100mg) in PPI-treated ALDH2-active individuals on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).

<p>Effect of slowly L-cysteine releasing capsules (2 x 100mg) in PPI-treated ALDH2-active individuals on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).</p

Effect of slowly L-cysteine releasing capsules (2 x 100) in PPI-treated ALDH2-deficient individuals on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).

<p>Effect of slowly L-cysteine releasing capsules (2 x 100) in PPI-treated ALDH2-deficient individuals on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).</p

Ethanol levels (vol %) in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric administration of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).

<p>Ethanol levels (vol %) in gastric juice and saliva after intragastric administration of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).</p

Effect of ALDH2 deficiency on salivary acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).

<p>Effect of ALDH2 deficiency on salivary acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).</p

Effect of ALDH2 deficiency on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).

<p>Effect of ALDH2 deficiency on gastric juice acetaldehyde levels (a) and areas under the curve (b) after intragastric infusion of ethanol (15 vol%, 0.5 g/kg) (means ± SEM).</p

Heat map and hierarchical clustering.

<p>Individual miRNA expression were calculated by R platform and heat map was computed and described using a function of heatmap.2 in gplots. It uses hierarchical clustering with Euclidean distance; Pearson Linear Correlation and Ward's method to generate the hierarchical tree <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066086#pone.0066086-Ward1" target="_blank">[56]</a>. ANOVA was applied to extract differentially expressed miRNAs and adjustment of the p-value by multiple comparisons was performed by calculating FDR. Those miRNAs with FDR<0.1 were presented. The red indicates high level of miRNA expression and the blue shows low.</p

Differentially expressed miRNAs in serum from PBC patients compared with the second group (CH-C, CH-B, Healthy).

<p>Differentially expressed miRNAs in serum from PBC patients compared with the second group (CH-C, CH-B, Healthy).</p

Validation of deep sequencing results for selected miRNAs.

<p>We have registered 10 samples in each group listed on Table S3. The threshold cycle for each miRNA primer/probe set were normalized with spiked in cel-miR-39 primer/probe pair and compared to CH-C-5. Result for normally distributed continuous variables are given as means and compared between groups by Student's t-test. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066086#s2" target="_blank">Results</a> for non-normally distributed continuous variables are summarized as medians and were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance indicates by one asterisk (p<0.05) and two (p<0.01).</p

Clinical data for patients enrolled in Illumina sequencing analysis.

a<p>We used the Scheuer score in PBC and fibrosis score of histological activity index (HAI) in CH-B and CH-C <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066086#pone.0066086-Knodell1" target="_blank">[53]</a><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066086#pone.0066086-Ludwig1" target="_blank">[54]</a><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0066086#pone.0066086-Scheuer1" target="_blank">[55]</a>.</p>b<p>URSO is the abbreviation for ursodeoxycholic acid, IFN for interferon and NA for nucleos(t)ide analogue.</p

Clinical information of patients enrolled in the validation study.

a<p>The numbers of patients are indicated in the parentheses.</p>b<p>The range of laboratory data is indicated in the parentheses.</p