Charged Particles Multiplicity and Scaling Violation of Fragmentation Functions in Electron-Positron Annihilation

By the use of data from the annihilation process of electron-positron in AMY detector at 60 GeV center of mass energy, charged particles multiplicity distribution is obtained and fitted with the KNO scaling. Then, momentum spectra of charged particles and momentum distribution with respect to the jet axis are obtained, and the results are compared to the different models of QCD; also, the distribution of fragmentation functions and scaling violations are studied. It is being expected that the scaling violations of the fragmentation functions of gluon jets are stronger than the quark ones. One of the reasons for such case is that splitting function of quarks is larger than splitting function of gluon

The Origin of Chern-Simons Modified Gravity from an 11 + 3-Dimensional Manifold

It is our aim to show that the Chern-Simons terms of modified gravity can be understood as generated by the addition of a 3-dimensional algebraic manifold to an initial 11-dimensional space-time manifold; this builds up an 11+3-dimensional space-time. In this system, firstly, some fields living in the bulk join the fields that live on the 11-dimensional manifold, so that the rank of the gauge fields exceeds the dimension of the algebra; consequently, there emerges an anomaly. To solve this problem, another 11-dimensional manifold is included in the 11+3-dimensional space-time, and it interacts with the initial manifold by exchanging Chern-Simon fields. This mechanism is able to remove the anomaly. Chern-Simons terms actually produce an extra manifold in the pair of 11-dimensional manifolds of the 11+3-space-time. Summing up the topology of both the 11-dimensional manifolds and the topology of the exchanged Chern-Simons manifold in the bulk, we conclude that the total topology shrinks to one, which is in agreement with the main idea of the Big Bang theory

Charged Particles Multiplicity and Scaling Violation of Fragmentation Functions in Electron-Positron Annihilation

By the use of data from the annihilation process of electron-positron in AMY detector at 60 GeV center of mass energy, charged particles multiplicity distribution is obtained and fitted with the KNO scaling. Then, momentum spectra of charged particles and momentum distribution with respect to the jet axis are obtained, and the results are compared to the different models of QCD; also, the distribution of fragmentation functions and scaling violations are studied. It is being expected that the scaling violations of the fragmentation functions of gluon jets are stronger than the quark ones. One of the reasons for such case is that splitting function of quarks is larger than splitting function of gluon

From Rindler horizon to mini black holes at LHC

Recently researchers (A. Sepehri et al., Astrophys. Space Sci. 344, 79 (2013)) have considered the signature of superstring balls near mini black holes at LHC and calculate the information loss for these types of strings. Motivated by their work, we consider the evolution of events in high energy experiments from lower energies for which the Rindler horizon is formed to higher energies in which mini black holes and string balls are emerged. Extending the Gottesman and Preskill method to string theory, we find the information loss for excited strings “string balls” in mini black holes at LHC and calculate the information transformation from the collapsing matter to the state of outgoing Hawking radiation for strings. We come to the conclusion that information transformation for high energy strings is complete. Then the thermal distribution of excited strings near mini black holes at LHC is calculated. In order to obtain the total string cross section near black holes produced in proton-proton collision, we multiply the black hole production cross section by the thermal distribution of strings. It is observed that many high energy excited strings are produced near the event horizon of TeV black holes. These excited strings evaporate to standard model particles like Higgs boson and top quark at Hagedorn temperature. We derive the production cross section for these particles due to string ball decay at LHC and consider their decay to light particles like bottom quarks and gluons

SCHEMA THERAPY AS A TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC DISORDERS

ABSTRACT Young schema therapy is an innovative synthesis of cognitive behavior therapy with Gestalt therapy and the object relation approaches which is similar to other approaches but also this therapy is an integrated and congruent one. This model is mostly based on the therapeutic interaction, emotional experiences and the discussion about the early experiences of life and its main concept is the Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs). Young believed that EMSs are the roots of psychological pathology occurrence in persons and they are the earliest cognitive component about ourselves which are being formed during the first years of childhood period. In this article, the different dimensions of schema therapy, the relate studies and also the advantages and disadvantages of this model compared to the other approaches are studied

Study the energy states and absorption coefficients of quantum dots and quantum anti-dots with hydrogenic impurity under the applied magnetic field

In this work, the effect of magnetic field onelectronic spectra and absorption coefficient of /1− spherical quantum dot (QD) and1− / spherical quantum anti-dot (QAD)with hydrogenic impurity are reported both theoreticallyand numerically. The theoretical results which areobtained based on perturbation theory are in agreementwith numerical results, which are obtained by using thefinite difference method. Using numerical solutions,energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Schrödingerequation in these structures are obtained. The effects ofthe magnetic field on1s→2p0 absorption coefficient andalso on 1s and 2p energy levels of the QD and the QADhave been investigated. The wave functions and energiesof an electron in these spherical systems, have beenstudied. The results clearly show that the energy levelschanges and absorption coefficients in the QD and QADmodels are significantly different. It is also observedsome new degeneracies are appeared in the QAD modelunder the applied magnetic field