Direct Observation (DO) or non-DO as reported by patients, DOT-providers and MSF staff.

<p>(A) DR-TB patients following Strict-DO, DO or not following DO during their treatment. (B) DR-TB patients following DO or not following DO during most recent week of their treatment.</p

Comparison of the length of stay in an MSF feeding program versus adequacy of the village water supply.

<p>Comparison of the length of stay in an MSF feeding program versus adequacy of the village water supply.</p

Proportion of secondary infections among children from the 20 selected study villages presenting for primary care.

<p>Proportion of secondary infections among children from the 20 selected study villages presenting for primary care.</p

Odds ratio’s for a shorter length of stay, as assessed by ordinal logistic regression (odds of an individual with a shorter length of stay falling in a category with less adequacy of water supply).

<p>Odds ratio’s for a shorter length of stay, as assessed by ordinal logistic regression (odds of an individual with a shorter length of stay falling in a category with less adequacy of water supply).</p

History and clinical features on admission for VL during the low (Jan04–Aug05) and high case detection periods (Sep05–Dec06), Huddur centre, Bakool, Somalia.

<p>MUAC: Middle Upper Arm Circumference.</p

District of origin of VL patients treated in Huddur centre, Bakool region, Somalia, 2004–2006.

<p>District of origin of VL patients treated in Huddur centre, Bakool region, Somalia, 2004–2006.</p

Age and sex of VL patients admitted in Huddur centre, Bakool, Somalia, 2004–2006.

<p>Age and sex of VL patients admitted in Huddur centre, Bakool, Somalia, 2004–2006.</p

Number of VL patient admissions per year and number of clinical records available for analysis.

<p>Number of VL patient admissions per year and number of clinical records available for analysis.</p

Comparison of time from identification of patients suspected for MDR-TB to initiation of MDR-TB treatment between pre- and post-LPA period - New Delhi, India.

<p>*P-value generated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test; IQR = Inter-quartile range; MDR-TB = Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis;</p>a<p>Solid/liquid culture & Drug Sensitivity Testing (DST).</p>b<p>LPA: Line Probe Assay.</p

Task Shifting the Management of Non-Communicable Diseases to Nurses in Kibera, Kenya: <i>Does It Work</i>?

<div><p>Background</p><p>In sub-Saharan Africa there is an increasing need to leverage available health care workers to provide care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study was conducted to evaluate adherence to Médecins Sans Frontières clinical protocols when the care of five stable NCDs (hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, epilepsy, asthma, and sickle cell) was shifted from clinical officers to nurses.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Descriptive, retrospective review of routinely collected clinic data from two integrated primary health care facilities within an urban informal settlement, Kibera, Nairobi, Kenya (May to August 2014).</p><p>Results</p><p>There were 3,554 consultations (2025 patients); 733 (21%) were by nurses out of which 725 met the inclusion criteria among 616 patients. Hypertension (64%, 397/616) was the most frequent NCD followed by asthma (17%, 106/616) and diabetes mellitus (15%, 95/616). Adherence to screening questions ranged from 65% to 86%, with an average of 69%. Weight and blood pressure measurements were completed in 89% and 96% of those required. Laboratory results were reviewed in 91% of indicated visits. Laboratory testing per NCD protocols was higher in those with hypertension (88%) than diabetes mellitus (67%) upon review. Only 17 (2%) consultations were referred back to clinical officers.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Nurses are able to adhere to protocols for managing stable NCD patients based on clear and standardized protocols and guidelines, thus paving the way towards task shifting of NCD care to nurses to help relieve the significant healthcare gap in developing countries.</p></div