Research into properties of blue melilot and fenugreek cultivated using different sowing times

Received: September 6th, 2021 ; Accepted: January 30th, 2022 ; Published: February 17th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] paper presents the results of the research into the properties of blue melilot (Melilotus caeruleus (L.) Desr.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) with regard to the set of their economy-and-biology and biochemical indices in relation to the dates of their sowing. It has been established that the two species under consideration feature wide ranges of index variability depending on the sowing term and the weather conditions. The earliest ripening terms have been recorded for species in case of summer sowing dates (decade I of June), when short growing season lengths of 36–37 days were observed. At the same time, in terms of heavy plant herbage yield obtained from species in the green conveyor system, the early spring (decades II–III of April) and late spring (decade I of May) sowing terms are more suitable providing a herbage yield of 5.7–6.9 t ha–1 in case of blue melilot and 7.3–9.3 t ha–1 for fenugreek, with a solids content of 12.4–28.4%, total sugars of 2.5–5.0% and vitamin C - 38.0–51.8 mg (100 g)-1 . For the purpose of obtaining the spice named ‘Greek hay’ (foenum Graecum), a better choice is to cultivate fenugreek with early spring (decades II–III of April) and late spring (decade I of May) sowing times, as in this case a greater vegetation mass develops, resulting in a plant dry weight yield of 1.3–1.4 t ha–1. An increase in the total precipitation by 1 mm has contributed to the variation of the herbage yield within the range of 15.0 to 77.3 kg ha–1, dry matter yield - 0.693 to 25.9 kg ha–1. High seed yield has been noted in case of sowing the species in early spring (decades II–III of April), where the seed yield of blue melilot was equal to 0.4 t ha-1, fenugreek - 2.0 t ha-1 , their 1,000 seeds having a weight of 0.71 and 9.7 g, respectively

Cultivar features of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in the cherry fruits (Prunus cerasus L.) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Received: June 1st, 2022 ; Accepted: September 26th, 2022 ; Published: October 14th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] is a popular and widespread fruit crop in many European countries. Significant areas of its plantation are located in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine. Modern biochemical research aims to determine the amplitude of cherries varietal difference within the studied species and determine selection possibilities for the most important chemical components. In this regard, the study of fruits biochemical composition of different cherries cultivars is relevant. The aim of the research was to build a mathematical model based on Multiple linear regression method, which reveals the degree of weather factors influence on the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in cherries fruits in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine and in regions with similar hydrothermal parameters. The cultivar ‘Ihrushka’ was characterized by the lowest variability in the concentration of polyphenolic compounds with the value of the variation coefficient of 9.9%. The optimal average concentration of polyphenolic compounds at the level of 224.6 mg 100 g-1 had fruits of the cherry cultivar ‘Siianets Turovtsevoi’ (Vp – 12.8%). Fruits of the ‘Vstrecha’ cultivar were characterized by the optimal average concentration of ascorbic acid at the level of 9.6 mg 100 g-1 and variability of the indicator 14.0%. The dominant influence of varietal characteristics on the polyphenolic compounds accumulation in cherry fruits has been established. The share of the factor impact B was 41.3%. It was determined that weather conditions with a share of influence of 69.2% are crucial for the formation of the ascorbic acid. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a linear correlation between seven weather factors (Хі, i = 1..7) and the concentration of polyphenolic compounds (Y1) and ascorbic acid (Y2) in cherry fruits. The values of the pairwise correlation coefficients rY1Xi , rY2Xi i = 1. .7 were within the interval [-0.55; 0.55], which showed the presence of an impact between these weather factors and the studied indicators. The average monthly precipitation in June became decisive for the accumulation of polypolyphenolic compounds (∆X2 = 35.2%). The average monthly amount of precipitation in May was determined to be the most important for the formation of the ascorbic acid level (∆X1 = 37.1%)

Efficiency of productivity potential realization of different-age sites of a trunk of grades of columnar type apple-trees

Received: April 15th, 2022 ; Accepted: May 15th, 2022 ; Published: May 17th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] article provides information about buds organogenesis in plants of columnar apple cultivars in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv), which allows to establish the features of this process in complex fruit formations of different ages, and their productivity and longevity. We recommend studying of apple trees productivity in the process of its formation by analyzing of rudimentary organs formation and their consistent development into vegetative and generative organs, which are elements of productivity. Studies of organogenesis different-age fruit formations of columnar apple cultivars were conducted in the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016–2020. It was established that separate age sections of columnar apple trees trunk formed different initial productivity potential. In plants of all studied varieties and age groups, the laying of generative buds, the implementation of reproductive elements in V–IX and X–XI stages of organogenesis were more effective in older age areas of the trunk. Complex fruit formations, regardless of the trunk age where they are placed, form a high potential for productivity, which is effectively realized. The dependence of the formation and productivity potential realization on the stages of organogenesis and meteorological factors is established