The effect of OTR4120, a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan memetic on improving acute and impaired wound healing in rats

__Abstract__ Dating back to the prehistoric times, wounds have been common with mankind. The treatment of wounds is an art as old as humanity. Today, wounds are of increasing concern in our society in terms of their prevalence and costs. In the developed countries, patients suffering from chronic wounds, such as venous, diabetic, and pressure ulcers, comprise approximately 1% to 2% of the population. The incidence of pressure ulcers is as high as 11% in hospitalized patients and as high as 24% in nursing home residents [5]. Diabetic ulcers are recently estimated to occur in 15% of global diabetes population and precede 84% of all diabetes-related lowerlimb amputations. Moreover, the incidence of ulcer recurrence after complete healing approaches 30% within 1 year. In addition to chronic wounds, there are a large number of acute wounds such as surgical and traumatic wounds. Acute wounds can fail to heal in a timely manner and can also heal with a hypertrophic scar or keloid. Wounds and their treatment represent an enormous burden to patients, health care professionals, and the health care system. In the United States, the costs related to chronic wounds are estimated over $25 billion a year. In the European Union, the costs related to pressure and venous ulcers are estimated around €20 billion a year. The burden created by chronic wounds is growing rapidly due to the increasing health care costs, the aging population, and the sharp rise in the incidence of diabetes and obesity. The immense economic and social impact of wounds calls for intensive studies to understand the biology of wound healing and to develop strategies to maximize healing efficiency

The development and confirmatory factor analysis of the Service-Learning Reflection Scale for undergraduates

The purpose of this study is to develop and to examine the construct validity of the service-learning reflection scale for undergraduates based on Kolb\u27s learning theory. The research aims to: (1) recognize undergraduates\u27 levels of reflection for service-learning; (2) let undergraduates understand their learning styles; (3) evaluate the effect of service-learning for the instructors. We used the Likert\u27s style to make the scales. There are 33 items in the initial scale divided into four subscales inclusive of the concrete experience (CE), the reflection observation (RO), the abstract conceptualization (AC), and the active experience (AE). For the very first time, we invite four experts to evaluate all the items to proceed three times Delphi technique process. We adopt the item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis via 326 participants in the pretest. Cronbach\u27s alpha reliability coefficients of the four subscales are from .80 to .87, and that of the total scale was .95. The whole explained variance was 60.16%. In this study, we make use of the stratified sampling, 1,251 undergraduates, to analyze the construct validity by the confirmatory factor analysis. The model index such as GFI, AGFI, NFI, RFI, IFI and CFI are above .90, RMSEA and RMR are below .05, as well as PGFI and PNFI are above .50. In addition, the structural equation modeling analysis indicates measurement weights, measurement intercepts, structural covariance matrixes and measurement residuals of male/female and general/technical undergraduates groups are no significant differences. Moreover, the Cronbach\u27s alpha values of the four subscales are from .85 to .86, and that of the total scale is .95. The results show that the CFA and reliability analysis confirm the theoretical structure as well

5-[4-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)phen­yl]-1H-tetra­zole

In the title compound, C10H8N6, the tetra­zole and benzene rings are close to being coplanar [dihedral angle = 9.90 (16)°], but the imidazole ring is rotated 37.18 (09)° out of the benzene plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected through tetra­zole–imidazole N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, giving rise to zigzag chains, which extend along [010]

Vehicular-Publish/Subscribe (V-P/S) communication enabled on-the-move EV charging management

Recently, the charging management for Electric Vehicles (EVs) on-the-move has become an emerging research problem in urban cities. Major technical challenges here involve intelligence for the selection of Charging Stations (CSs) to guide drivers’ charging plans, as well as the corresponding communication infrastructure for information dissemination between the power grid and EVs. In this article, a Vehicular- Publish/Subscribe (P/S) communication framework, in conjunction with Public Transportation Buses (PTBs) is provisioned to support on-the-move EV charging management. Benefiting from low privacy sensitivity, we propose a fully distributed charging management scheme concerning the driving intention. Results demonstrate a guidance for the provisioning of V P/Scommunication framework, concerning EV drivers’ experience including charging waiting time and total trip duration. Also, the benefit of V-P/S communication framework is reflected in terms of the communication efficiency. Open research issues of this emerging research area are also presented

Bis[μ-1,1′-methyl­enebis(1H-imidazole)-κ2 N 3:N 3′]bis­[dichloridocobalt(II)]

The title compound, [Co2Cl4(C7H8N4)2], contains a dinuclear complex molecule in which each CoII atom is tetra­hedrally coordinated by two N atoms and two chloride ions. The 1,1′-methyl­enebis(1H-imidazole) ligands adopt a bis-monodentate bridging mode linking two CoII atoms

catena-Poly[(diaqua­strontium)-bis­{μ-5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen­yl]tetra­zolido}]

In the title complex polymer, [Sr(C10H7N6)2(H2O)2]n, the SrII atom lies on an inversion centre and is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate bridging trans-related 5-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen­yl]tetra­zolide ligands [Sr—N = 2.387 (4) Å for the tetrazolide moiety and Sr—N = 2.273 (5) Å for the imidazole moiety], and by two O atoms from water mol­ecules [Sr—O = 2.464 (4) Å], giving a distorted octa­hedral coordination. Pairs of ligand bridges link the complex units, forming chains which extend along [111] and are inter-associated through Owater—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, giving a two-dimensional network structure parallel to (001). Weak π–π stacking inter­actions between the benzene and imidazole rings are also present [minimum ring centroid separation = 3.691 (4) Å]