Surface charge of different paper making raw materials and its influence on paper properties

300-304Analysis of common paper making fillers indicated that TiO2 (Anatase) has highest negative charge whereas GCC has slightly positive charge. Hypo chlorite bleached pulps have higher negative charge than pulps obtained by other bleaching sequences employed by paper mills. Increment in negative surface charge in pulps caused negative effect on filler retention, specific scattering co-efficient and print density of paper, however print through tendency increased causing poor print quality

Brown Bowel Syndrome: A Multi-institutional Case Series

Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of the article is prohibited. Brown bowel syndrome (BBS) is a rare condition associated with vitamin E deficiency and defined by prominent lipofuscin deposition in the muscularis propria. Eight unique cases of BBS were identified: 5 men and 3 women (mean age=58.6 y). Pertinent comorbidities included bariatric surgery=2, malnourishment=2, Crohn=2, cystic fibrosis=1, alcohol and cocaine abuse=1, and prior small bowel resections=1. Presenting symptoms included abdominal pain=3, bleeding=1, nausea and vomiting=1, and nonresponsiveness=1. Imaging studies were often abnormal: thickened bowel wall=3 (1 with a mass), small bowel obstruction=2, and edematous and dilated bowel wall=2. Most specimens were surgical resections (n=7, autopsy=1): extended right colectomy=2, small bowel only=5 (terminal ileum=3, jejunum=2). Two specimens were grossly described as mahogany, and 1 case contained a perforation. Histologic sections of all cases showed finely granular, brown cytoplasmic piNorthwell Healthnt in smooth muscle cells on hematoxylin and eosin. This piNorthwell Healthnt was most conspicuous in the muscularis propria (small bowel\u3ecolon), and it was not identified in the mucosa. The piNorthwell Healthnt was reactive with Fontana-Masson, carbol lipofuscin, Periodic acid-Schiff, and Periodic acid-Schiff with diastase, and electron microscopy was compatible with lipofuscin. The mean clinical follow-up was 208 weeks: 1 patient died of complications of encephalitis, the others were alive and well. BBS is important to recognize because it is linked with malnutrition, specifically vitamin E deficiency, and it can (rarely) clinically simulate malignancy. The diagnosis is based on the identification of the lipofuscin piNorthwell Healthnt in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells, which is most easily seen in the muscularis propria of the small bowel