282 research outputs found
Reconnections of quantized vortex rings in superfluid He at very low temperatures
Collisions in a beam of unidirectional quantized vortex rings of nearly
identical radii in superfluid He in the limit of zero temperature (0.05
K) were studied using time-of-flight spectroscopy. Reconnections between two
primary rings result in secondary vortex loops of both smaller and larger
radii. Discrete steps in the distribution of flight times, due to the limits on
the earliest possible arrival times of secondary loops created after either one
or two consecutive reconnections, are observed. The density of primary rings
was found to be capped at the value independent of
the injected density. This is due to collisions between rings causing piling-up
of many other vortex rings. Both observations are in quantitative agreement
with our theory.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, includes supplementary materia
The Role of Crystal Symmetry in the Magnetic Instabilities of -YbAlB and -YbAlB
Density functional theory methods are applied to investigate the properties
of the new superconductor -YbAlB and its polymorph
-YbAlB. We utilize the generalized gradient approximation + Hubbard
U (GGA+U) approach with spin-orbit(SO) coupling to approximate the effects of
the strong correlations due to the open shell of Yb. We examine closely
the differences in crystal bonding and symmetry of -YbAlB and
-YbAlB. The in-plane bonding structure amongst the dominant
itinerant electrons in the boron sheets is shown to differ significantly. Our
calculations indicate that, in both polymorphs, the localized 4 electrons
hybridize strongly with the conduction sea when compared to the related
materials YbRhSi and YbB. Comparing -YbAlB to the
electronic structure of related crystal structures indicates a key role of the
7-member boron coordination of the Yb ion in -YbAlB in producing its
enhanced Kondo scale and superconductivity. The Kondo scale is shown to depend
strongly on the angle between the B neighbors and the Yb ion, relative to the
plane, which relates some of the physical behavior to structural
characteristics.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Doping driven magnetic instabilities and quantum criticality of NbFe
Using density functional theory we investigate the evolution of the magnetic
ground state of NbFe due to doping by Nb-excess and Fe-excess. We find
that non-rigid-band effects, due to the contribution of Fe-\textit{d} states to
the density of states at the Fermi level are crucial to the evolution of the
magnetic phase diagram. Furthermore, the influence of disorder is important to
the development of ferromagnetism upon Nb doping. These findings give a
framework in which to understand the evolution of the magnetic ground state in
the temperature-doping phase diagram. We investigate the magnetic instabilities
in NbFe. We find that explicit calculation of the Lindhard function,
, indicates that the primary instability is to finite
antiferromagnetism driven by Fermi surface nesting. Total energy
calculations indicate that antiferromagnetism is the ground
state. We discuss the influence of competing and finite
instabilities on the presence of the non-Fermi liquid behavior in
this material.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Access to palivizumab among children at high risk of respiratory syncytial virus complications in English hospitals
Objectives:
Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which can prevent infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Due to its high cost, it is recommended for high-risk infants only. We aimed to determine the proportion of infants eligible for palivizumab treatment in England who receive at least one dose. /
Methods:
We used the Hospital Treatment Insights database containing hospital admission records linked to hospital pharmacy dispensing data for 43/153 hospitals in England. Infants born between 2010 and 2016 were considered eligible for palivizumab if their medical records indicated chronic lung disease (CLD), congenital heart disease (CHD), or severe immunodeficiency (SCID), and they met additional criteria based on gestational age at birth and age at start of the RSV season (beginning of October). We calculated the proportion of infants who received at least one dose of palivizumab in their first RSV season, and modelled the odds of treatment according to multiple child characteristics using logistic regression models. /
Results:
We identified 3,712 eligible children, of whom 2,479 (67%) had complete information on all risk factors. Palivizumab was prescribed to 832 of eligible children (34%). Being born at <30 weeks’ gestation, aged <6 months at the start of RSV season, and having two or more of CLD, CHD or SCID were associated with higher odds of treatment. /
Conclusion:
In England, palivizumab is not prescribed to the majority of children who are eligible to receive it. Doctors managing these infants may be unfamiliar with the eligibility criteria or constrained by other considerations, such as cost
Pressure-induced unconventional superconductivity near a quantum critical point in CaFe2As2
75As-zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole
resonance (NQR) measurements are performed on CaFe2As2 under pressure. At P =
4.7 and 10.8 kbar, the temperature dependences of nuclear-spin-lattice
relaxation rate (1/T1) measured in the tetragonal phase show no coherence peak
just below Tc(P) and decrease with decreasing temperature. The
superconductivity is gapless at P = 4.7 kbar but evolves to that with multiple
gaps at P = 10.8 kbar. We find that the superconductivity appears near a
quantum critical point under pressures in the range 4.7 kbar < P < 10.8 kbar.
Both electron correlation and superconductivity disappear in the collapsed
tetragonal phase. A systematic study under pressure indicates that electron
correlations play a vital role in forming Cooper pairs in this compound.Comment: 5pages, 5figure
Modern microwave methods in solid state inorganic materials chemistry: from fundamentals to manufacturing
No abstract available
Synthesis and properties of La-doped CaFe2As2 single crystals with Tc = 42.7 K
Large single crystals of La-doped CaFe2As2 were successfully synthesized by
the FeAs self-flux method. The x-ray diffraction patterns suggest high
crystalline quality and c-axis orientation. By substitution of trivalent La3+
ions for divalent Ca2+, the resistivity anomaly in the parent compound CaFe2As2
is completely suppressed and a superconducting transition reaches the value of
42.7 K, which is higher than that of about 30 K reported in Saha S. R. et al.,
arXiv:1105.4798v1. The upper critical field has been determined with the
magnetic field along ab-plane and c-axis, yielding an anisotropy of about 3.3.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
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