Successive phase transitions to antiferromagnetic and weak-ferromagnetic long-range orders in quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnet Cu3_3Mo2_2O9_9

Investigation of the magnetism of Cu$_3$Mo$_2$O$_9$ single crystal, which has antiferromagnetic (AF) linear chains interacting with AF dimers, reveals an AF second-order phase transition at $T_{\rm N} = 7.9$ K. Although weak ferromagnetic-like behavior appears at lower temperatures in low magnetic fields, complete remanent magnetization cannot be detected down to 0.5 K. However, a jump is observed in the magnetization below weak ferromagnetic (WF) phase transition at $T_{\rm c} \simeq 2.5$ K when a tiny magnetic field along the a axis is reversed, suggesting that the coercive force is very weak. A component of magnetic moment parallel to the chain forms AF long-range order (LRO) below $T_{\rm N}$, while a perpendicular component is disordered above $T_{\rm c}$ at zero magnetic field and forms WF-LRO below $T_{\rm c}$. Moreover, the WF-LRO is also realized with applying magnetic fields even between $T_{\rm c}$ and $T_{\rm N}$. These results are explainable by both magnetic frustration among symmetric exchange interactions and competition between symmetric and asymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Magnetic field-induced one-magnon Raman scattering in the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation phase of TlCuCl3_{3}

We report the observation of the $A_{\rm g}$-symmetric one-magnon Raman peak in the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation phase of TlCuCl$_{3}$. Its Raman shift traces the one-magnon energy at the magnetic $\Gamma$ point, and its intensity is proportional to the squared transverse magnetization. The appearance of the one-magnon Raman scattering originates from the exchange magnon Raman process and reflects the change of the magnetic-state symmetry. Using the bond-operator representation, we theoretically clarify the Raman selection rules, being consistent with the experimental results.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Monivammapotilaan kivunhoito

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa ennen sairaalaan tuloa, sairaalassa ja kotona systemaattista kirjallisuuskatsausta soveltaen. Tavoitteena on edistää monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa. Opinnäytetyöhön valikoitui analysoitavaksi 38 (=n) julkaisua. Monivammapotilaan kivunhoito vaatii moniammatillista osaamista ja yhteistyötä. Kivunhoidon oleellisena osana on kivun arviointi. Kipua voidaan arvioida erilaisin mittarein, kuten sanallinen asteikko (VRS), numeroasteikko (NRS) ja visuaalianalogiasteikko (VAS). Potilaan ollessa tajuton, kivunarviointi muuttuu haasteellisemmaksi, sillä silloin mittareita ei voida käyttää. Monivammapotilaan kipua hoidetaan pääsääntöisesti lääkkeillä. Keskeisimpiä lääkkeitä ovat tulehduskipulääkkeet, parasetamoli ja opioidit. Lääkkeettömiä kivunhoitomuotoja kuten asentohoito, fysikaaliset hoitomuodot, hengitysharjoitukset, musiikin kuuntelu, rentoutumis- ja mielikuvaharjoitukset, käytetään myös, mutta ne ovat tehokkaampia yhdistettynä lääkkeelliseen kivunhoitoon. Lääkehoito koostuu monen lääkeryhmän yhdistelmistä eli multimodaalisesta kivunhoidosta. Puudutteet ovat keskeinen osa monivammapotilaan kivunhoitoa, sillä ne vähentävät huomattavasti opioidien käyttöä. Kivunhoito on tasapainoilua potilaan kivuttomuuden ja kivunhoidon haittavaikutuksien välillä. Potilaan kivunhoito jatkuu koko hoidon ajan, myös kotiutumisen jälkeen. Kivunhoito on potilaan oikeus eikä ole olemassa mitään pätevää syytä jättää kipua hoitamatta. Monivammapotilaat ovat todella kivuliaita, joten kivun hoidon tutkiminen ja kehittäminen on tärkeää. Tehokkaalla kivunhoidolla voidaan ehkäistä kivun kroonistumista.The purpose of this thesis is to improve multi-trauma patients pain management before coming to a hospital, in hospital and at home by using a systematic literature review. The aim is to improve multi-trauma patient’s pain management. There was 38(=n) publications chosen for this thesis. The pain management of a multi-trauma patient requires multi-professional expertise and cooperation. An essential part of pain management is assessment of pain. The pain can be assessed with different kind of rating scales for example verbal rating scale (VRS), numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS). When patient is being unconscious assessment of pain becomes challenging so the rating scales cannot be used. The pain of a multi-trauma patient is mainly managed with medicine. The most common medicines are inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and opioids. Drug-free pain management formats such as position management, physical therapies, breathing exercises, listening to music, relaxing and imagination exercises are used but they are more effective combined with medicinal pain management. Medication consist of the combination of different drug groups called multimodal pain management. Regional anesthetics are a key part of the pain management of a multi-trauma patient because regional anesthetics reduce remarkably the use of opioids. Pain management is balancing between painless and side effects pain management. The pain management of the patient goes through the whole care also after discharging from hospital. Pain management is the patients right and there is no competent reason to not treat the pain. Multi-trauma patients are in a high amount of pain so the study and development of pain management is really important. With efficient pain management you can anticipate chronical pain

Confirmation of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg system with ferromagnetic first-nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic second-nearest-neighbor interactions in Rb2{}_{2}Cu2{}_{2}Mo3{}_{3}O12{}_{12}

We have investigated magnetic properties of Rb$_2$Cu$_2$Mo$_3$O$_{12}$ powder. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility and magnetic-field dependence of magnetization have shown that this cuprate is a model compound of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg system with ferromagnetic first-nearest-neighbor (1NN) and antiferromagnetic second-nearest-neighbor (2NN) competing interactions (competing system). Values of the 1NN and 2NN interactions are estimated as $J_1 = -138$ K and $J_2 = 51$ K ($\alpha \equiv J_2 / J_1 = -0.37$). This value of $\alpha$ suggests that the ground state is a spin-singlet incommensurate state. In spite of relatively large $J_1$ and $J_2$, no magnetic phase transition appears down to 2 K, while an antiferromagnetic transition occurs in other model compounds of the competing system with ferromagnetic 1NN interaction. For that reason, Rb$_2$Cu$_2$Mo$_3$O$_{12}$ is an ideal model compound to study properties of the incommensurate ground state that are unconfirmed experimentally.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The expression of microRNA 574-3p as a predictor of postoperative outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Despite advances in radical esophagectomies and adjuvant therapy, the postoperative prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients remains poor. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular signature to predict postoperative favorable outcomes in patients with ESCC. Methods: As a training data set, total RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of surgically removed specimens from 19 ESCC patients who underwent curative esophagectomy. The expression of microRNA (miRNA) was detected using a miRNA oligo chip on which 885 genes were mounted. As a validation data set, we obtained frozen samples of surgically resected tumors from 12 independent ESCC patients and the expression of miR-574-3p was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Our microarray analysis in the training set patients identified three miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-106b, and miR-1303) and five miRNAs (miR-1203, miR-1909, miR-204, miR-371-3p, miR-886-3p) which were differentially expressed between the patients with (n=14) and without (n=5) postoperative tumor relapse (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Higher expression of miR-574-3p, which showed the most significant association with non-relapse (p=0.001), was associated with favorable overall survival (p=0.016). Real-time PCR experiments on the validation set patients confirmed that higher expression of miR-574-3p was associated with non-tumor relapse (p=0.029) and better overall survival (p=0.004). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the aberrant expression of the miRNAs identified in this study plays key roles in the progression of ESCC. miR-574-3p was suggested to have a tumor suppressor effect, and thus, to be a predictor of postoperative outcome in patients with ESCC

Perforation of intramural gastric metastasis during preoperative chemotherapy in a patient with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AbstractIntroductionPerforation of intramural metastasis to the stomach (IMS) from esophageal cancer during chemotherapy has not been reported.Presentation of caseA 68-year-old male consulted our hospital due to appetite loss. He was diagnosed with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the lower thoracic esophagus along with a large IMS in the upper stomach. The patient received preoperative chemotherapy of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF). During the second cycle of DCF, he had upper abdominal pain and was diagnosed with gastric perforation. Omental implantation repair for the perforation, peritoneal drainage, tube-gastrostomy, and tube-jejunostomy were performed.At 24 days after emergency surgery, he underwent thoracoscopic radical esophagectomy with total gastrectomy and reconstruction with colonic interposition. Pathological findings in the esophagus demonstrated complete replacement of the tumor by fibrosis. The gastric tumor was replaced by scar tissue with multinucleated giant cells along with a small amount of viable cancer cells. The patient was alive and healthy at 14 months after the radical operation, without tumor recurrence.DiscussionThe gastric perforation occurred due to rapid regression of the IMS which had involved the whole gastric wall before chemotherapy. Close monitoring to detect rapid tumor shrinkage during chemotherapy in patients with IMS may be warranted. A two-step operation was proposed to achieve safe curative treatment in patients with perforation of IMS during preoperative chemotherapy.ConclusionWe describe the first reported case of a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who showed perforation of IMS during preoperative chemotherapy

Spin fluctuations in CuGeO3_3 probed by light scattering

We have measured temperature dependence of low-frequency Raman spectra in CuGeO$_3$, and have observed the quasi-elastic scattering in the $(c,c)$ polarization above the spin-Peierls transition temperature. We attribute it to the fluctuations of energy density in the spin system. The magnetic specific heat and an inverse of the magnetic correlation length can be derived from the quasi-elastic scattering. The inverse of the magnetic correlation length is proportional to $(T-T_{SP})^{1/2}$ at high temperatures. We compare the specific heat with a competing-$J$ model. This model cannot explain quantitatively both the specific heat and the magnetic susceptibility with the same parameters. The origin of this discrepancy is discussed.Comment: 17 pages, REVTeX, 5 Postscript figures; in press in PR

Heparin cofactor II reduces albuminuria

Aims/Introduction: Thrombin exerts various pathophysiological functions by activating protease-activated receptors (PARs). Recent data have shown that PARs influence the development of glomerular diseases including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by regulating inflammation. Heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inactivates thrombin; thus, we hypothesized that low plasma HCII activity correlates with DKD development, as represented by albuminuria. Materials and Methods: Plasma HCII activity and spot urine biomarkers, including albumin and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), were determined as the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and the urine L-FABP-to-creatinine ratio (uL-FABPCR) in 310 Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus (176 males and 134 females). The relationships between plasma HCII activities and those DKD urine biomarkers were statistically evaluated. In addition, the relationship between plasma HCII activities and annual uACR changes was statistically evaluated for 201/310 patients (115 males and 86 females). Results: The mean plasma HCII activity of all participants was 93.8 ± 17.7%. Multivariate-regression analysis including confounding factors showed that plasma HCII activity independently contributed to the suppression of the uACR and log-transformed uACR values (P = 0.036 and P = 0.006, respectively) but not uL-FABPCR (P = 0.541). In addition, plasma HCII activity significantly and inversely correlated with annual uACR and log-transformed uACR increments after adjusting for confounding factors (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Conclusions: The plasma HCII activity was inversely and specifically associated with glomerular injury in patients with diabetes. The results suggest that HCII can serve as a novel predictive factor for early-stage DKD development, as represented by albuminuria