ダイガクセイ ニオケル テキイ キゾク バイアス ト ニンチ キノウ ノ カンレン

This study examined relationship among hostile attributional bias, anger and cognitive function. In the study 1, we examined relationship between hostile attributional bias and states of anger in university students. As a result, the hostility attribution bias of college students was confirmed. Because there was university students who indicated high hostility attribution in an unclear intention of the other. In addition, the tendency of the university stude nt’s intention attribution is significantly higher in when the other is acquaintance. And, it was indicated that the university students showed more strong hostility attribution bias to friends than the others. A positive correlation was found between hostility attribution bias and state anger. It was shown that the hostility attributable bias group often experiences hostile interpretation, anger feeling even in daily life. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between execution function, hostility attribution bias and anger expression. As the result, high cognitive flexibility group indicated significantly higher score than the low group in unintentional attribution. We examined the relationship between performance function and anger expression, but no significant difference was found. From these results, it is considered that the high cognitive flexibility group can be made various intention attributions in a situation where the intention of the other is unclear

スイコウ キノウ ガ イカリ カンキジ ノ イカリ ノ テイド オヨビ コウドウ ヨクセイ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of executive functions on the intensity of anger and on the inhibitory control over feelings of anger. The participants comprised 13 undergraduate students (6 males and 7 females). Measures used were the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) for executive functions, the trait and state anger scales for anger, and the go/no-go task for inhibitory control. The participants were divided into two groups (high or low executive functions) on the basis of their average scores (± 1/2 SD) on the BADS. The participants were presented with anger-inducing situations that were made into recorded speech. Then, the anger levels within the presented situations and the inhibitory control that was exhibited after the situations were measured. This study suggested that the average anger levels among the high executive functions group were lower than the anger levels of the low executive functions group. In addition, the anger levels after the go/no-go task were observed to be lower in the high executive functions group than in the low executive functions group. These results suggest a difference in anger levels between the high and low executive functions groups in the same anger-inducing situations as well as after problem solving

Transcription factor scleraxis vitally contributes to progenitor lineage direction in wound healing of adult tendon in mice

Tendon is a dense connective tissue that transmits high mechanical forces from skeletal muscle to bone. The transcription factor scleraxis (Scx) is a highly specific marker of both precursor and mature tendon cells (tenocytes). Mice lacking scx exhibit a specific and virtually complete loss of tendons during development. However, the functional contribution of Scx to wound healing in adult tendon has not yet been fully characterized. Here, using ScxGFP-tracking and loss-of-function systems, we show in an adult mouse model of Achilles tendon injury that paratenon cells, representing a stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)–positive and Scx-negative progenitor subpopulation, display Scx induction, migrate to the wound site, and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) to bridge the defect, whereas resident tenocytes exhibit a delayed response. Scx induction in the progenitors is initiated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. scx-deficient mice had migration of Sca-1–positive progenitor cell to the lesion site but impaired ECM assembly to bridge the defect. Mechanistically, scx-null progenitors displayed higher chondrogenic potential with up-regulation of SRY-box 9 (Sox9) coactivator PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in vitro, and knock-in analysis revealed that forced expression of full-length scx significantly inhibited Sox9 expression. Accordingly, scx-null wounds formed cartilage-like tissues that developed ectopic ossification. Our findings indicate a critical role of Scx in a progenitor-cell lineage in wound healing of adult mouse tendon. These progenitor cells could represent targets in strategies to facilitate tendon repair. We propose that this lineage-regulatory mechanism in tissue progenitors could apply to a broader set of tissues or biological systems in the body

Development of the ARICA-2 Satellite Using Spresense as an Onboard Computer

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are transient astronomical phenomena that emit enormous amounts of energy in electromagnetic waves, mainly in the gamma-ray range, for several seconds to tens of seconds. GRB observations are challenging because of the difficulty in predicting the location and time of occurrence and its extremely short duration. Therefore, it is necessary to notify about the discovery in space and to conduct follow-up observations by researchers. The AGU Remote Innovative CubeSat Alert system-2 (ARICA-2) has been developed to demonstrate a new alert system using commercial satellite network services. ARICA-2 uses SONY’s Spresense as its onboard computer (OBC). We manufactured the special board to attach two Spresenses as a redundancy of the OBC system. We will present the system development of ARICA-2 using Spresense

Power System Development of the AGU Remote Innovative CubeSat Alert System -2 – ARICA-2

We present the power system development of the 2U CubeSat, AGU Remote Innovative CubeSat Alert system -2(ARICA-2). The main goal of the ARICA-2 project is to demonstrate the real-time alert system of transient astronomical sources using commercial satellite network devices. 1U CubeSat ARICA was launched in November 2021. However, we have not been able to send and receive the data at this point. Therefore, we started developing 2U CubeSat ARICA-2, which is an improved version of ARICA, in April 2022. One of the possible causes of the communication problem of ARICA is the power system, such as a negative power budget or a failure in the installation of the inhibit switches. ARICA-2 is upsized from 1U to 2U to ensure a sufficient power generation and is equipped with improved inhibit switches. The calculation of power consumption and simulation of power supply on orbit have been finished. We confirmed the performance of our Electric Power System (EPS) and the health of the installed batteries. We are currently in the EM development phase with the goal of launching in Japanese fiscal year 2024

Overview and Status of AGU Remote Innovative Cubesat Alert System-2 on 2023

We present the overview of the 2U CubeSat, AGU Remote Innovative Cubesat Alert system - 2 (ARICA-2). ARICA-2 was selected as a feasibility study phase of the JAXA-Small Satellite Rush Program (JAXA-SMASH) and the JAXA Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4 project in 2022. The main goal of ARICA-2 is to demonstrate the real-time alert system of transient astronomical sources, such as gamma-ray bursts, using commercial satellite network services. The first 1U CubeSat ARICA, which had the same mission goal as ARICA-2, was successfully launched in 2021 by the JAXA’s Epsilon rocket No.5. However, communication with ARICA has yet to be established due to severe hardware issues. Therefore, ARICA-2 is the re-challenging mission of ARICA. ARICA-2 has several different features compared to ARICA. First, a transceiver using amateur radio frequency is added to the commercial satellite network devices to communicate directly from the ground. Second, ARICA-2 uses Sony’s low-power board Spresense as an onboard computer. Third, the attitude control system using magnetorquer is installed to establish better communication with the commercial network satellites. Fourth, the size of a gamma-ray detector is 70 mm x 70 mm x 10 mm, which is larger by a factor of 200 in volume compared to ARICA, to enhance the detection rate of gamma-ray bursts. We plan to develop the engineering model (EM) in 2023 and perform thermal vacuum and vibration tests on the EM. We report the current status and a prospect of ARICA-2

Development and Performance of the Engineering Model of ARICA-2

We present the status of the engineering model (EM) of 2U Cubesat, AGU Remote Innovative Cubesat Alert system-2 (ARICA-2). The main goal of ARICA-2 is to demonstrate the real-time alert system of transient astronomical sources, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using commercial satellite network services such as Iridium and Globalstar. In parallel, we have a dedicated amateur mission to provide a store and forward capability for communication among amateurs. The GRB alert and the housekeeping data are also broadcast through the amateur CW transmitter. ARICA-2 was selected as one of the JAXA Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4 projects in 2022 and is scheduled to be launched in the Japanese fiscal year 2025. The communication component of ARICA-2 has two commercial satellite network devices: Inmarsat\u27s SBD9603N, Globalstar\u27s STX-3, and the UHF transmitter using 435 MHz amateur frequency. The onboard computer is Sony\u27s Spresense, low-power, and six-core microcontroller board. Thanks to its multi-core processor, Spresense can run tasks in parallel by processing in individual cores, which reduces the risk of a single failure. The gamma-ray detector comprises two layers of scintillator crystals, Csl(TI) and EJ-270. The scintillation lights of each crystal are read out by eight chips of Hamamatsu\u27s MPPC S14160-6050HS. The attitude control component consists of three-axis magnetic torques, a gyro sensor, a magnetic sensor, and infrared cameras. The infrared cameras work as the Sun\u27s and the Earth\u27s sensors. The EPS, battery, solar panels, and a 2U structure are space-qualified components of ACC-Clyde Space Inc. The development of the engineering model (EM) started in August 2023. We complete the manufacture of most of the components in February 2024. And then, the integration of the EM finished on May 2024. We report the development and various test results of the EM of ARICA-2

Enhancing evidence-informed policymaking in medicine and healthcare: stakeholder involvement in the Commons Project for rare diseases in Japan

Kogetsu A., Isono M., Aikyo T., et al. Enhancing evidence-informed policymaking in medicine and healthcare: stakeholder involvement in the Commons Project for rare diseases in Japan. Research Involvement and Engagement 9, 107 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-023-00515-5.Background: Although stakeholder involvement in policymaking is attracting attention in the fields of medicine and healthcare, a practical methodology has not yet been established. Rare-disease policy, specifically research priority setting for the allocation of limited research resources, is an area where evidence generation through stakeholder involvement is expected to be effective. We generated evidence for rare-disease policymaking through stakeholder involvement and explored effective collaboration among stakeholders. Methods: We constructed a space called ‘Evidence-generating Commons’, where patients, family members, researchers, and former policymakers can share their knowledge and experiences and engage in continual deliberations on evidence generation. Ten rare diseases were consequently represented. In the ‘Commons’, 25 consecutive workshops were held predominantly online, from 2019 to 2021. These workshops focused on (1) clarification of difficulties faced by rare-disease patients, (2) development and selection of criteria for priority setting, and (3) priority setting through the application of the criteria. For the first step, an on-site workshop using sticky notes was held. The data were analysed based on KJ method. For the second and third steps, workshops on specific themes were held to build consensus. The workshop agendas and methods were modified based on participants’ feedback. Results: The ‘Commons’ was established with 43 participants, resulting in positive effects such as capacity building, opportunities for interactions, mutual understanding, and empathy among the participants. The difficulties faced by patients with rare diseases were classified into 10 categories. Seven research topics were identified as priority issues to be addressed including ‘impediments to daily life’, ‘financial burden’, ‘anxiety’, and ‘burden of hospital visits’. This was performed by synthesising the results of the application of the two criteria that were particularly important to strengthen future research on rare diseases. We also clarified high-priority research topics by using criteria valued more by patients and family members than by researchers and former policymakers, and criteria with specific perspectives. Conclusion: We generated evidence for policymaking in the field of rare diseases. This study’s insights into stakeholder involvement can enhance evidence-informed policymaking. We engaged in comprehensive discussions with policymakers regarding policy implementation and planned analysis of the participants’ experiences in this project

A new method for effective use of the ClearPetra ureteral access sheath for a giant ureteral stone

The ClearPetra (Well Lead Medical, Guangzhou, China) has recently entered the market, enabling continuous stone fragmentation and removal while maintaining a continuous perfusion field of view. The efficacy and safety of the ClearPetra renal access sheath (RAS) in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) have been reported. However, no reports have described the use of the ClearPetra ureteral access sheath (UAS). Here, we report a case of successful ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) for a giant ureteral stone by effectively utilizing the ClearPetra UAS