On the Systematic Errors of Cosmological-Scale Gravity Tests using Redshift Space Distortion: Non-linear Effects and the Halo Bias

Redshift space distortion (RSD) observed in galaxy redshift surveys is a powerful tool to test gravity theories on cosmological scales, but the systematic uncertainties must carefully be examined for future surveys with large statistics. Here we employ various analytic models of RSD and estimate the systematic errors on measurements of the structure growth-rate parameter, $f\sigma_8$, induced by non-linear effects and the halo bias with respect to the dark matter distribution, by using halo catalogues from 40 realisations of $3.4 \times 10^8$ comoving $h^{-3}$Mpc$^3$ cosmological N-body simulations. We consider hypothetical redshift surveys at redshifts z=0.5, 1.35 and 2, and different minimum halo mass thresholds in the range of $5.0 \times 10^{11}$ -- $2.0 \times 10^{13} h^{-1} M_\odot$. We find that the systematic error of $f\sigma_8$ is greatly reduced to ~5 per cent level, when a recently proposed analytical formula of RSD that takes into account the higher-order coupling between the density and velocity fields is adopted, with a scale-dependent parametric bias model. Dependence of the systematic error on the halo mass, the redshift, and the maximum wavenumber used in the analysis is discussed. We also find that the Wilson-Hilferty transformation is useful to improve the accuracy of likelihood analysis when only a small number of modes are available in power spectrum measurements.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRA

The 5′-AT-rich half-site of Maf recognition element: a functional target for bZIP transcription factor Maf

The Maf family of proteins are a subgroup of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, which recognize a long palindromic DNA sequence [TGCTGAC(G)TCAGCA] known as the Maf recognition element (MARE). Interestingly, the functional target enhancer sequences present in the αA-crystallin gene contain a well-conserved half-site of MARE rather than the entire palindromic sequence. To resolve how Maf proteins bind to target sequences containing only MARE half-sites, we examined their binding activities using electrophoretic gel mobility shift assays as well as in vitro and in vivo reporter assays. Our results indicate that the 5′-flanking region of the MARE half-site is required for Maf proteins to bind both in vitro and in vivo. The critical 5′-flanking sequences for c-Maf were determined by a selection and amplification binding assay and show a preference for AT-rich nucleotides. Furthermore, sequence analysis of the regulatory regions of several target genes also suggests that AT-rich sequences are important. We conclude that Maf can bind to at least two types of target sequences, the classical MARE (palindrome type) and a 5′-AT-rich MARE half-site (half-site type). Our results provide important new insights into the DNA binding and site selection by bZIP transcription factors

Calculation of Neutron Response Functions of a NE-213 Scintillator in the Energy Range up to 40 MeV

A Monte Carlo code was newly made up to calculate the response functions of a 2 inch diam. by 2 inch long NE-213 scintillator for neutrons. The calculated results were compared with the experimental results and fairly good agreement was obtained. Systematic calculations of the NE-213 scintillator response functions were carried out for neutrons incident on the detector parallel to its axis in the energy range up to 40 MeV. Two response matrices, for lower energy up to 17 MeV and for higher energy up to 40 MeV, were made by using the above data. To check the applicability, the low energy matrix was applied to the unfolding of the measured pulse-height spectra. A great improvement was shown in the form of the unfolded spectrum, compared with the spectrum obtained with a response matrix given by Verbinski

Monte Carlo Calculations of Neutron Pentration through Graphite and Polyethylene at Energies of 30 and 45 MeV

A new Monte Carlo code was developed to calculate neutron penetration through graphite and hydrocarbon. The accuracy of the code was checked with the experimental values. Attenuation profiles of 30 and 45 MeV monoenergetic neutrons through graphite and polyethylene slabs were obtained by the Monte Carlo calculation. Macroscopic removal cross sections were calculated from the profiles

体外循環開始後早期にアルカレミア環境で出現する回路内の血液凝集塊形成

Purpose : This study investigated the relationship between blood clotting in the circuit soon after initiating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and echinocytes that appear with alkalemia, using a recirculation circuit filled with heparinized bovine blood. Methods : Alkalemic conditions in the recirculation circuit were prepared by adding various concentrations of NaHCO3 to the priming fluid. Albumin was also added to confirm its inhibitory effect on blood clotting. Blood pH, hold-up, the pressure gradient, and red blood cell (RBC) reduction rate were monitored. Blood clots were examined microscopically. Results : Although blood pH was elevated under all experimental conditions, clotting in the circuit increased with increased concentrations of HCO3-. Albumin inhibited the clotting under the same alkalemic conditions. Microscopic findings revealed echinocytes in the blood clots. Conclusions : The shape of echinocytes was transformed by a reduction in the Donnan equilibrium ratio because of changes in pH inside and outside the RBC membrane. Blood clotting in the circuit soon after initiating CPB may be caused by echinocytes that appear under alkalemic conditions. This was inhibited by albumin, suggesting that the addition of albumin to the priming fluid may prevent such clotting in the circuit after initiating CPB.博士（医学）・甲第664号・平成29年3月15日Copyright © 2016 Japanese Journal of Extra-Corporeal Technology（日本体外循環技術医学会）This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in "http://doi.org/10.7130/jject.43.339

Development of Convolutional Neural Networks for an Electron-Tracking Compton Camera

Electron-tracking Compton camera, which is a complete Compton camera with tracking Compton scattering electron by a gas micro time projection chamber, is expected to open up MeV gamma-ray astronomy. The technical challenge for achieving several degrees of the point spread function is the precise determination of the electron-recoil direction and the scattering position from track images. We attempted to reconstruct these parameters using convolutional neural networks. Two network models were designed to predict the recoil direction and the scattering position. These models marked 41$~$degrees of the angular resolution and 2.1$~$mm of the position resolution for 75$~$keV electron simulation data in Argon-based gas at 2$~$atm pressure. In addition, the point spread function of ETCC was improved to 15$~$degrees from 22$~$degrees for experimental data of 662$~$keV gamma-ray source. These performances greatly surpassed that using the traditional analysis