ウズベキスタンのイスラム都市の歩行者空間:アジアの歩行者空間に関する研究(その4)

The authors researched the outdoor space in old town districts of five cities in Uzbekistan, an Islamic country in Central Asia. Two of these five cities, Khiva and Bukhara, are well-preserved and give us the impression that they are more open, with more open lots compared to other old town districts in typical Islamic cities in Arabic countries. In an attempt to confirm this, together with these cities, the researchers selected seven cities in Arabic countries and determined the area of their public open spaces such as streets, roads, and squares including parks, and calculated the ratios of the total open space areas to the total acreage of each city. Since the ratio was highest for Khiva and that for Bukhara was the third highest, and since the second highest city Shibam is quite exceptional, the authors think that this measurement can be useful in determining the openness of cities

〔研究ノート〕都市のオープンスペースの空間構成について（その1）2018年度広場・オープンスペース研究会活動報告

Based on knowledge obtained from research into open spaces for the past 30 years conducted both in Japan and overseas, the author (Kaneko) organized a research group consisting of students to further pursue this field of research. This study note reviews 37 domestic open spaces visited in academic year 2018 and introduces five samples in more detail including pictures and plans

都市と広場の形態学 : 9回の海外都市広場調査からの考察

This report is the study about the main theme about city and city square which are derived from 9 times of Research of City Square in Oversea Area. Themes are the consept of city square, the consept of center in the city, the difference of situation in the city square at ordinary day and formal day, the relation among then city square and commercial area, the charictaristic performance of symbolic space about city square, the change of space about city square derived by the popularization of cars, the classification of city space and the management as the invisible system

A Phase II Biomarker-Embedded Study of Lapatinib plus Capecitabine as First-line Therapy in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer

Abstract An exploratory phase II biomarker-embedded trial (LPT109747; NCT00526669) designed to determine the association of lapatinib-induced fluoropyrimidine gene changes with efficacy of lapatinib plus capecitabine as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma independent of tumor HER2 status. Tumor biopsies obtained before and after 7-day lapatinib (1,250 mg) to analyze changes in gene expression, followed by a 14-day course of capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 twice daily, 14/21 days) plus lapatinib 1,250 mg daily. Blood samples were acquired for pharmacokinetic analysis. Primary clinical objectives were response rate (RR) and 5-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary objectives were overall survival (OS), PFS, time to response, duration of response, toxicity, and identification of associations between lapatinib pharmacokinetics and biomarker endpoints. Primary biomarker objectives were modulation of 5-FU-pathway genes by lapatinib, effects of germline SNPs on treatment outcome, and trough steady-state plasma lapatinib concentrations. Sixty-eight patients were enrolled; (75% gastric cancer, 25% gastroesophageal junction). Twelve patients (17.9%) had confirmed partial response, 31 (46.3%) had stable disease, and 16 (23.9%) had progressive disease. Median PFS and OS were 3.3 and 6.3 months, respectively. Frequent adverse events included diarrhea (45%), decreased appetite (39%), nausea (36%), and fatigue (36%). Lapatinib induced no changes in gene expression from baseline and no significant associations were found for SNPs analyzed. Elevated baseline HER3 mRNA expression was associated with a higher RR (33% vs. 0%; P = 0.008). Lapatinib plus capecitabine was well tolerated, demonstrating modest antitumor activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer. The association of elevated HER3 and RR warrants further investigation as an important player for HER-targeted regimens in combination with capecitabine. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2251–8. ©2016 AACR.</jats:p

Neuronal surface antigen-specific immunostaining pattern on a rat brain immunohistochemistry in autoimmune encephalitis

A variety of neuronal surface (NS) antibodies (NS-Ab) have been identified in autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Tissue-based assay (TBA) using a rodent brain immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to screen NS-Ab, while cell-based assay (CBA) to determine NS antigens. Commercial rat brain IHC is currently available but its clinical relevance remains unclear. Immunostaining patterns of NS antigens have not been extensively studied yet. To address these issues, we assessed a predictive value of “neuropil pattern” and “GFAP pattern” on commercial IHC in 261 patients, and characterized an immunostaining pattern of 7 NS antigens (NMDAR, LGI1, GABAaR, GABAbR, AMPAR, Caspr2, GluK2). Sensitivity and specificity of “neuropil pattern” for predicting NS-Ab were 66.0% (95% CI 55.7-75.3), and 98.2% (95% CI 94.8-99.6), respectively. False-positive rate was 1.8% (3/164) while false-negative rate was 34.0% (33/97). In all 3 false-positive patients, neuropil-like staining was attributed to high titers of GAD65-Ab. In 33 false-negative patients, NMDAR was most frequently identified (n=18 [54.5%], 16/18 [88.9%] had low titers [&lt; 1:32]), followed by GABAaR (n=5). Of 261 patients, 25 (9.6%) had either GFAP (n=21) or GFAP-mimicking pattern (n=4). GFAP-Ab were identified in 21 of 31 patients examined with CBA (20 with GFAP pattern, 1 with GFAP-mimicking pattern). Immunostaining pattern of each NS antigen was as follows: 1) NMDAR revealed homogenous reactivity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer (DG-ML) with less intense dot-like reactivity in the cerebellar granular layer (CB-GL); 2) both GABAaR and GluK2 revealed intense dot-like reactivity in the CB-GL, but GABAaR revealed homogenous reactivity in the DG-ML while GluK2 revealed intense reactivity along the inner layer of the DG-ML; and 3) LGI1, Caspr2, GABAbR, and AMPAR revealed intense reactivity in the cerebellar ML (CB-ML) but LGI1 revealed intense reactivity along the middle layer of the DG-ML. Whereas, Caspr2, GABAbR, and AMPAR revealed similar reactivity in the DG-ML but some difference in other regions. TBA is useful not only for screening NS- or GFAP-Ab but also for estimating NS antigens; however, negative results should be interpreted cautiously because “neuropil pattern” may be missed on commercial IHC when antibody titers are low. Antigen-specific immunoreactivity is a useful biomarker of AE

都市広場の構成原理の提案

This report is the study about the theory on space of city square. The city square is composed by facilities, space, edge and symbol. This theory is derived from our experiences of 10 times of Researches of City Square in Over-sea Area. This theory will be made sure from the process of explaining each city squares

ドイツのマルクト広場の類型

This report is the explanation about form of Marktplatz in Germany. There are many Marktplatz in many cities in Germany. Markt means market-place, but it means not only market-place in Germany but also the center of city. We have investigated many Marktplatz in german cities in 1998. The poupose of this report is the classification of Marktplatz