PHOSPHATEMIC INDEX EVALUATES PHOSPHORUS LOAD

Objective: Dietary phosphorus (P) restriction is crucial to treat hyperphosphatemia and reduce cardiovascular disease risk and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the wider population. Various methods for dietary P restriction exist, but the bioavailability of P in food should also be considered when making appropriate food choices to maintain patients’ quality of life. Here, we propose the ‘‘Phosphatemic Index’’ (PI) as a novel tool for evaluating dietary P load based on P bioavailability; we also evaluated the effect of continuous intake of different PI foods in mixed meals on serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration. Design and Methods: A 2-stage crossover study was conducted: Study 1: 20 healthy participants consumed 10 different foods containing 200 mg of P, and the PI was calculated from the area under the curve of a time versus serum P concentration curve; Study 2: 10 healthy participants consumed 4 different test meals (low, medium, or high PI meals or a control) over a 5-day period. Results: Study 1 showed milk and dairy products had high PI values, pork and ham had medium PI values, and soy and tofu had low PI values. In Study 2, ingestion of high PI test meals showed higher fasting serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels compared with ingestion of low PI test meals. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the PI can usefully evaluate the dietary P load of various foods and may help to make appropriate food choices for dietary P restriction in CKD patients

Boundedness and stabilization in a three-dimensional two-species chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system

summary:This paper is concerned with the two-species chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with Lotka–Volterra competitive kinetics \begin{align*} \begin{cases} (\n1)_t+u\cdot\na\n1 =\D\n1-\chi_1\na\cdot(\n1\na c)+\mu_1\n1(1-\n1-a_1\n2) &\text{in}\ \om\times(0,\infty), \\ (\n2)_t+u\cdot\na\n2 =\D\n2-\chi_2\na\cdot(\n2\na c)+\mu_2\n2(1-a_2\n1-\n2) &\text{in}\ \om\times(0,\infty), \\ \h{6.3mm}c_t+u\cdot\na c =\D c-(\alpha\n1+\beta\n2)c &\text{in}\ \om\times(0,\infty), \\ \h{3.1mm}u_t+(u\cdot\na)u =\D u+\nabla P+(\gamma\n1+\d\n2)\na\Phi, \quad\na\cdot u=0 &\text{in}\ \om\times(0,\infty) \end{cases} \end{align*} under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and initial conditions, where is a bounded domain in R3 with smooth boundary. Recently, in the 2-dimensional setting, global existence and stabilization of classical solutions to the above system were first established. However, the 3-dimensional case has not been studied: Because of difficulties in the Navier–Stokes system, we can not expect existence of classical solutions to the above system. The purpose of this paper is to obtain global existence of weak solutions to the above system, and their eventual smoothness and stabilization