Multiple linear regression analysis with HOMA-IR as the dependent variable.

<p>HOMA-IR was log-transformed for analysis.</p><p>Model 1: adjusted for gender, age, study location, mean blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and BMI.</p><p>Model 2: As model 1 plus CRF × birth weight.</p><p>Model 3: adjusted for gender, age, study location, mean blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, smoking status, and abdominal circumference.</p><p>Model 4: As model 3 plus CRF × birth weight.</p><p>B, unstandardized regression coefficient; β, standardized regression coefficient; R², coefficient of determination; VO₂max, maximal oxygen uptake.</p

Partial correlation matrix controlled for gender and age as covariates.

<p>HOMA-IR was log-transformed for analysis.</p><p>BMI, body mass index; VO₂max, maximal oxygen uptake.</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.01;</p>***<p>p<0.001.</p

Characteristics of the subjects.

<p>Data are means ± SD (Range).</p><p>BMI, body mass index; VO₂max, maximal oxygen uptake.</p