Promises and rules : The implications of rethinking the 14-day rule for research on human embryos

ヒト胚研究のルールを変更することの意味. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-02.Science is based on promises, not on mere rules. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-06

The regulation of human blastoid research

ヒトの受精卵を模倣した構造（胚モデル）に関して、研究規制のあり方を整理して提示. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-21.Human ‘blastoids’ offer medical hope but also deep ethical challenges. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-30

Extracellular vesicles synchronize cellular phenotypes of differentiating cells

細胞外小胞が細胞の分化を同調させる現象の発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-01.Cells act in unison when next to each other. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-10-01.During embryonic development, cells differentiate in a coordinated manner, aligning their fate decisions and differentiation stages with those of surrounding cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this synchrony. Here we show that cells in close proximity synchronize their differentiation stages and cellular phenotypes with each other via extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated cellular communication. We previously established a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line harbouring an inducible constitutively active protein kinase A (CA-PKA) gene and found that the ESCs rapidly differentiated into mesoderm after PKA activation. In the present study, we performed a co-culture of Control-ESCs and PKA-ESCs, finding that both ESC types rapidly differentiated in synchrony even when PKA was activated only in PKA-ESCs, a phenomenon we named ‘Phenotypic Synchrony of Cells (PSyC)’. We further demonstrated PSyC was mediated by EVs containing miR-132. PKA-ESC-derived EVs and miR-132-containing artificial nano-vesicles similarly enhanced mesoderm and cardiomyocyte differentiation in ESCs and ex vivo embryos, respectively. PSyC is a new form of cell-cell communication mediated by the EV regulation of neighbouring cells and could be broadly involved in tissue development and homeostasis

細胞外小胞が分化中の細胞同士の形質を同調させる

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第13479号論医博第2254号新制||医||1059(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 齊藤 博英, 教授 遊佐 宏介, 教授 藤田 恭之学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenoid and Guaianolides from <i>Kandelia candel</i> in a Screening Program for Compounds to Overcome TRAIL Resistance

In a screening program for natural products that can overcome TRAIL resistance, a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid (<b>1</b>), three new guaianolides, mehirugins A–C (<b>2</b>–<b>4</b>), and two known guaianolides (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>) were isolated from a MeOH extract of <i>Kandelia candel</i> leaves. Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>3</b>–<b>6</b> in combination with TRAIL showed cytotoxic activity in sensitizing TRAIL-resistant human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

北海道穂別富内地域の上部白亜系函淵層（蝦夷層群）に見られる海緑石

白亜系蝦夷層群には含 “海緑石” 層が多数報告されている．しかしながら，海緑石の存在は特に堆積学的に重要であるにもかかわらず，それらの “海緑石” の多くは鉱物学的に海緑石であることが確認されているわけではなく，いわゆるフィールドネームのようにそう呼ばれているにすぎない場合がほとんどである．本研究では北海道穂別地域の上部白亜系函淵層に見られる “含海緑石砂岩層” の緑色粒子について鉱物学的検討をおこなった．野外観察，偏光顕微鏡・電子顕微鏡観察とX線回折装置，走査型電子顕微鏡 - エネルギー分散型X線分光器，および電子プローブマイクロアナライザー - 波長分散型X線分光器による分析の結果，これらの緑色粒子が海緑石であることが確認された．“Glauconite”-bearing beds have been reported from various areas/horizons of the Cretaceous Yezo Group in Hokkaido and Sakhalin. Despite its significance especially in sedimentology, “glauconite” within most of these beds has not identified mineralogically, but the term is usually used as a field name of green minerals. In this study, the authors mineralogically examined green grains within a “glauconite-bearing sandstone bed” in the Upper Cretaceous Hakobuchi Formation (Yezo Group), Tomiuchi (Hetonai) area, Hobetsu, Hokkaido. Results of analyses by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and electron probe microanalyzerwavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry, as well as field, polarized microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrate that the green grains are true glauconite