Unit-wide antibiotic use shown as defined daily dose.

<p>Each number is shown to defined daily dose per 1000 patient days.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Unit-wide frequency of cefepime-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains in bacteremic isolates obtained from patients with febrile neutropenia.

<p>The detection rates of cefepime-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase <b>(</b>ESBL)-related bacteremia were retrospectively analyzed throughout a hematological unit at the Hara-Sanshin Hospital. The frequency (%) indicates the rate of cefepime-resistant and ESBL-producing isolates obtained from total gram-negative bacteremic isolates. The antibiotic rotation trial was conducted from August 2009 to March 2011.</p

Effect of antibiotic rotation on the etiology of stool isolates.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p><p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p

Antibiotic resistance of bacteremic isolates before and after intervention.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p>a,b,c<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p>a<p><i>p</i> = 0.007,</p>b<p><i>p</i> = 0.013,</p>c<p><i>p</i> = 0.048.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Antibiotic resistance of stool isolates before and after intervention.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p>a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p>a<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>b<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>c<p><i>p</i><0.01.</p>d<p><i>p</i><0.0001,</p>e<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>f<p><i>p</i><0.001,</p>g<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>h<p><i>p</i><0.05.</p><p>CFPM, cefepime; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; MEPM, meropenem; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin-tazobactam; CPFX, ciprofloxacin.</p

Effect of antibiotic rotation on the etiology of bacteremic isolates.

<p>Rate indicates number of positive cultures per 1000 patient days.</p><p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p

Characteristics of patients before and after intervention.

<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable between patients receiving pre-intervention and those receiving intervention.</p><p>MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes;HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p>G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MASCC, multinational association for supportive care in cancer.</p

Fluoroquinolone-resistance of <i>E. coli</i> isolates in fecal sample before and after levofloxacin prophylaxis.

a<p><i>P</i>-value shows statistical comparison for each variable.</p>a<p><i>p = </i>0.65.</p><p>Cycle 1, 2, and >3 indicate first, second, and more than third registration, respectively.</p><p>ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.</p

Immunohistochemistry analysis and chromosomal translocation abnormalities.

<p>Immunohistochemistry analysis and chromosomal translocation abnormalities.</p

Analysis of immunohistochemistry staining in polyploid DLBCL.

<p>Tumor cells were positivity in each immunohistochemistry. CD5 (X400), (B) CD10 (X400), (C) CD30 (X400), (D) BCL2 (X400), (E) BCL6 (X400) and (F) MUM1 (X400).</p