チイキノアンゼン・アンシンニカンスルジュウミンマンゾクトジチタイノジョウホウカトノカンケイ

住民の安全・安心に関する評価は,その地域への印象や各住民の安全・安心に対する考え,自治体による行政サービス等の要素が関与している.現在,自治体は安全・安心の分野に対して情報化投資を行い,住民満足の向上を目的とした施策を展開している.しかし,各自治体の施策や情報化が住民満足の向上をもたらしているかについては,調査の困難さがあり,その関係が明らかになっていない.そこで,本研究では,地方自治体を対象とした,情報化と安心・安全に関する調査と住民の行政サービスや安全・安心に対する意識,地域への満足に関する調査をもとに,自治体の行う情報化に関する施策と住民満足の向上との関係を明らかにするため,調査・分析を行った.分析の結果から,自治体の提供する情報化と安心・安全に関する施策の実施数と住民満足には正の相関がみられた.また,住民の視点からみた場合,IT 講習会などの生涯学習の開催や防犯情報を提供するシステム,市役所の総合窓口の設置などの認知度が,住民満足の向上に寄与する行政サービスであることを明らかにした.さらに,3 つのアンケート調査を用いて,施策の難易度と住民満足の向上との関係を明らかにした.しかしながら,情報化ランキングは,住民満足には直接つながっていないことも明らかになった.以上の結果から,情報化と安全・安心の関連性や施策の実施と住民満足の関係,および,複数の調査・分析を組み合わせる有効性を明らかにした

Rest–activity rhythm associated with depressive symptom severity and attention among patients with major depressive disorder: a 12-month follow-up study

IntroductionPatients with depressive disorder demonstrate rest–activity rhythm disturbances and cognitive function impairment. This study examined the association of individual rest–activity rhythm changes over time with mood symptoms and attention.MethodsWe recruited 15 adult outpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder from a single medical center and observed them for 12 months. Weekly rest–activity parameters, including rhythm characteristics generated from nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis, were retrieved from actigraphy data. Attention was evaluated weekly with a smartphone-based psychomotor vigilance test upon awakening. Depressive symptom severity was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) fortnightly. The association of rest–activity parameters with BDI score and attention was examined using generalized linear mixed regression. A fixed-effects analysis was used to examine the association between rest–activity parameters and depressive episodes.ResultsAn advanced bedtime and most active continuous 10 h starting time were associated with depressive symptom severity but also associated with higher vigilance test performance. A longer sleep duration, mainly due to an earlier bedtime, was associated with depressive symptom severity. Compared to remission, sleep duration was 27.8 min longer during depressive episodes, and bed time was 24 min earlier. A shorter sleep duration and increased activity during sleep were associated with poorer attention.DiscussionRest–activity rhythms change with mood symptoms among patients with depressive disorder. The circadian rhythms of rest–activity among patients with depressive disorder should be distinguished during various mood states in future studies

『明治以降日本人の中国旅行記（解題）』増補版

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Trends in Work Conditions and Associations with Workers’ Health in Recent 15 Years: The Role of Job Automation Probability

Job automation and associated psychosocial hazards are emerging workplace challenges. This study examined the trends in work conditions and associations with workers’ health over time in jobs with different automation probabilities. We utilized data from six waves of national questionnaire surveys of randomly selected 95,762 employees between 2001 and 2016. The Job Content Questionnaire, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the Self-Rated Health Scale were applied, and working time was self-reported. Automation probability was derived for 38 occupations and then categorized into three groups. Trends in work conditions and the associations between automation probability, work conditions and health were examined. We observed a 7% decrease in high automation probability jobs, an overall increase in job demands for and prevalence of shift work, and a decrease in job control. Workers with high automation probability jobs had low job demands, low job control and high job insecurity. Low automation probability was associated with burnout in logistic regression models. The odds ratio of job insecurity, long working hours, and shift work relating to health was higher in the later years of the surveys. In conclusion, there has been a decrease in high automation probability jobs. Workers employed in jobs with different levels of automation probability encountered different work condition challenges

Working Time Society consensus statements: Regulatory approaches to reduce risks associated with shift work—a global comparison

A large number of workers worldwide engage in shift work that can have significant influences upon the quality of working life. For most jurisdictions, setting and enforcing appropriate policies, regulations, and rules around shift work is considered essential to (a) prevent potentially negative consequences of shift work and (b) to improve worker health and well-being. However, the best ways to do this are often highly contested theoretical spaces and often culturally and historically bound. In this paper, we examine the regulatory approaches to regulating shift work in four different regions: Europe, North America, Australasia, and East Asia (Japan, China, and Korea). Despite the fact that social and cultural factors vary considerably across the regions, comparing regulatory frameworks and initiatives in one region can be instructive. Different approaches can minimally provide a contrast to stimulate discussion about custom and practice and, potentially, help us to develop new and innovative models to improve worker well-being and organizational productivity simultaneously. In this paper, our goal is not to develop or even advocate a “perfect” sets of regulations. Rather, it is to compare and contrast the diversity and changing landscape of current regulatory practices and to help organizations and regulators understand the costs and benefits of different approaches. For example, in recent years, many western countries have seen a shift away from prescriptive regulation toward more risk-based approaches. Advocates and critics vary considerably in what drove these changes and the benefit-cost analyses associated with their introduction. By understanding the different ways in which shift work can be regulated, it may be possible to learn from others and to better promote healthier and safer environments for shift-working individuals and workplaces

Efficiency improvement by application of horizontal magnetic fields for second- and fundamental harmonic EC wall conditioning in JT-60U

By application of a horizontal magnetic field, BH, with 0.3% against a toroidal magnetic field, BT, electron cyclotron wall conditioning (ECWC) plasmas produced by 2nd-harmonic X-mode (X2-mode) EC waves expand radially toward the inner wall, which is to be cleaned for plasma start-up, but BH shrinks the plasma vertically. Excessive BH, BH/BT> 1.1%, produces vertically limited pan-cake shaped plasmas, leading to a reduction of D2 removal efficiency. Efficiency of D2 removal by fundamental harmonic X-mode (X1-mode) ECWC is higher than that by X2-mode one at BH/BT ∼ 0.3%. The amount of D2 gas removed by the X1-mode ECWC for 1s is one order of magnitude lower than that by Taylor discharge cleaning (TDC) for 7min× 2 times after the plasma disruption with similar stored energies (3MJ). The X1-mode ECWC successfully produces the following tokamak plasma. Keywords: Electron cyclotron wall conditioning, Second-harmonic electron cyclotron, Wall conditioning, JT-60