Synthesis of p-type ZnO thin films using co-doping techniques based on KrF excimer laser deposition

Abstract Preparation of N-doped ZnO thin films was attempted using various co-doping methods. A ZnO:Ga (Ga O of 5 wt.%) target 2 3 was ablated in NO gas by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). In addition, a nitrogen ion gun and an ECR nitrogen plasma source were used as post-N-doping treatment of undoped ZnO films. Optical emission from elemental Zn I, Ga I and O I, as well as from N molecules, was identified in the plasma plume. The structural, optical and electrical properties of these synthesized films 2 were investigated. All films show n-type conduction, with resistivity in the range 10 -10 V cm and carrier density from y3 y2 10 to 10 cm

Digital Gene Expression Profiling by 5′-End Sequencing of cDNAs during Reprogramming in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Stem cells self-renew and repeatedly produce differentiated cells during development and growth. The differentiated cells can be converted into stem cells in some metazoans and land plants with appropriate treatments. After leaves of the moss Physcomitrella patens are excised, leaf cells reenter the cell cycle and commence tip growth, which is characteristic of stem cells called chloronema apical cells. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, a digital gene expression profiling method using mRNA 5′-end tags (5′-DGE) was established. The 5′-DGE method produced reproducible data with a dynamic range of four orders that correlated well with qRT-PCR measurements. After the excision of leaves, the expression levels of 11% of the transcripts changed significantly within 6 h. Genes involved in stress responses and proteolysis were induced and those involved in metabolism, including photosynthesis, were reduced. The later processes of reprogramming involved photosynthesis recovery and higher macromolecule biosynthesis, including of RNA and proteins. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways, which are activated during stem cell formation via callus in flowering plants, are also activated during reprogramming in P. patens, although no exogenous phytohormone is applied in the moss system, suggesting that an intrinsic phytohormone regulatory system may be used in the moss

Photoluminescence Properties of Implanted Praseodymium into Gallium Nitride at Elevated Temperature

In this study, we investigate the photoluminescence (PL) properties of implanted Praseodymium (Pr) ions into GaN at temperatures up to 1200 oC to clarify the effect of implantation temperature on the Pr3+ activation.23rd International Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collision

Intra- and inter-specific comparative transcriptomic approaches to reveal candidate effectors of gall induction in the micromoth Caloptilia cecidophora (Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera)

International audienceWhile gall-inducing insects exert a high level of control over their host development andphysiology, the molecular mechanisms underlying these manipulation processes are still poorlyunderstood. One way to address this question is to focus on effectors produced by insects andsusceptible to undermine the plant immune system and modulate the cellular processes. To findcandidate effectors involved in gall induction, we compared the gene expression in the larvae of themicromoth Caloptilia cecidophora (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) that induces galls on Glochidionobovatum (Phyllanthaceae) to the larval transcriptome C. ryukyuensis, a closely related non-gallinducingspecies both sympatric and growing of host plant of the same genus. Three independentmethods were used to analyze the transcriptomic data. First, we isolated genes showing a peakof expression at the initiation of the gall induction (third instar), and 505 genes were significantlyupregulated in third instar compared to the second and the fourth instars. Among them 22 werespecific in C. cecidophora transcripts and successfully annotated. Secondly, we selected geneswith expression patterns matching gall-induction using a principal component analysis and aself-organizing map. Ortholog comparisons revealed 36 genes showing an opposite expressionpattern between the two species. Finally, we looked for candidate genes based on literature andcompared their expression patterns between the two species and among instars. All together,we obtained a list of 58 genes coding for possible effectors. Preliminary results point toward theproduction of anti-oxidant enzymes and chitinases and suggest the implication of secreted auxinin gall formation