Localizing Acoustic Energy in Sound Field Synthesis by Directionally Weighted Exterior Radiation Suppression

A method for synthesizing the desired sound field while suppressing the exterior radiation power with directional weighting is proposed. The exterior radiation from the loudspeakers in sound field synthesis systems can be problematic in practical situations. Although several methods to suppress the exterior radiation have been proposed, suppression in all outward directions is generally difficult, especially when the number of loudspeakers is not sufficiently large. We propose the directionally weighted exterior radiation representation to prioritize the suppression directions by incorporating it into the optimization problem of sound field synthesis. By using the proposed representation, the exterior radiation in the prioritized directions can be significantly reduced while maintaining high interior synthesis accuracy, owing to the relaxed constraint on the exterior radiation. Its performance is evaluated with the application of the proposed representation to amplitude matching in numerical experiments.Comment: Accepted to International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) 202

A Limited Operation for Breast Cancer

A limited operation for breast cancer is now prevalent in accordance with advances in the adjuvant therapy. Seventy-five per cent of Stage I patients and 25.9% of Stage II were the candidates of the limited operation and the Surgical outcomes were satisfactory as compared with those of standard radical mastectomy. However, preoperative assessment of nodal involvement was not necessarily equivalent to postoperatively comfirmed one. Perioperative histologic examination is required for further preservation of surgical oncologic radicality including determination of the extent of node dissection

Gastric Cancer in younger patients of less than age 30

Twenty-five gastric cancer of less than 30 years of age were clinically evaluated in comparison with those of manhood. 1) Gastric cancers in younger patients were predominant in female, four times as frequent as in male and the most favorable location in the younger was the cardia of the stomach. 2) In terms of histologic findings, undifferentiated carcinoma of Borrmann IV type was common in younger patients. 3) Peritoneal dissemination and serosal invasion as an extension type of carcinoma were most common in younger patients although hepatic metastasis was very few. 4) Surgical outcome of curative operation was very favorable although that of noncurative one was very pessimistic

Surgery for complications by diverticular disease of the colon

Surgical experience with fifteen complications of diverticular disease of the colon has been reported. These had a considerably long period from onset to operation except for perforation episode. Conservative treatment prior to surgery is of great benefit to avoid postoperative complications. The surgical outcome, thereafter is satisfactory and recurrence has not been experienced

Multimodal pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in western Kenya.

Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. are the most important species for malaria transmission. Pyrethroid resistance of these vector mosquitoes is one of the main obstacles against effective vector control. The objective of the present study was to monitor the pyrethroid susceptibility in the 3 major malaria vectors in a highly malaria endemic area in western Kenya and to elucidate the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in these species. Gembe East and West, Mbita Division, and 4 main western islands in the Suba district of the Nyanza province in western Kenya were used as the study area. Larval and adult collection and bioassay were conducted, as well as the detection of point mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (1014L) by using direct DNA sequencing. A high level of pyrethroid resistance caused by the high frequency of point mutations (L1014S) was detected in An. gambiae s.s. In contrast, P450-related pyrethroid resistance seemed to be widespread in both An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. Not a single L1014S mutation was detected in these 2 species. A lack of cross-resistance between DDT and permethrin was also found in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s., while An. gambiae s.s. was resistant to both insecticides. It is noteworthy that the above species in the same area are found to be resistant to pyrethroids by their unique resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, it is interesting that 2 different resistance mechanisms have developed in the 2 sibling species in the same area individually. The cross resistance between permethrin and DDT in An. gambiae s.s. may be attributed to the high frequency of kdr mutation, which might be selected by the frequent exposure to ITNs. Similarly, the metabolic pyrethroid resistance in An. arabiensis and An. funestus s.s. is thought to develop without strong selection by DDT

Emotional Labor as an Early Childhood Teacher Strategy : From the Analysis of a Class of Three-Year-Old Kindergarten Students

The purpose of this study is to discuss professionalism in early childhood education and care, as seen in classroom practice related to three-year-old students, with the examination focusing on the following points : (1) we clarify emotional labor as the early childhood teaching strategy ; and (2) we compare the elementary school teacher and the early childhood teacher in terms of the emotional labor strategy. For the methodology, we used a video camera to collect episodes of the emotional labor strategy being used in early childhood teaching, and then examined each one. The results of the study are as follows : (1) the main classroom teacher smiled and intentionally expressed emotions during "circle time," controlling the young children through proper emotional expression ; (2) the sub-classroom teacher developed a relationship with each child by not expressing her intentions directly ; and (3) while each other's opinions made a difference, the school nurse and the sub-classroom teacher expressed their emotions as an educational performance