LES CONTRIBUTIONS CONCERNANT LE THEME DE »L\u27OEIL QUI VEILLE« A PROPOS DE QUELQUES ICONES DU BAS MOYENAGE

Dans I\u27extreme abondance d es themes rel igieux q ui affectaient par leurs messages figurant dans les oeuvres des artistes moyenegeux la conscience et les nouvelles connaissances des gens du moyen-age, le theme de»l \u27oeil qui velile« inspire toujours maintes questions obscures touchant son origine et sa symbolique. C\u27est un de r ares themes qui n\u27 a pas et e etudie de l a p ort des chercheurs de I \u27ar t moyenageux. I I y a dej a un siecle qu\u27il a at tire I\u27attention des savants russes, mais durant un siecle il ne sera que mentionnć a plusieurs reprises de la part de beaucoup de savants qui ne s\u27aventuraient jamais dans le vif du svjet. On sait t res peu sur I \u27or igine de cette scene. On d i spulait merne beaucoup sur ses sources theologiques. Certains historiens essaient de voir I \u27origine de ce theme dans la Genese, d\u27autres dans le s p saumes, d\u27autres encore avaient recours aux textes du prophete Isaie. On a I \u27 impression que sur la complexite de cette composition inf luencaient de di fferents textes theologiques. Les representations les plus anciennes apparaissent au Xllle siecle (en Palestine et en Grece ). Ce theme apparait sur nos monuments le plus tot d ans l a p r em;eremoitie du XIVe siecle. prćcisćment toujours sur une place eminente dans les eglises moyenageuses. Le fait t res important qu\u27il faut souligner, c\u27est que ce theme figure rarement parmi les ensembles de l a p e inture monumentale et q u \u27on l e rencontre dans u n n ombr e t r es restreint d\u27eglises lHilandar, Nikita, Lesnove, Zrze, Manasija). A I\u27epoque turque, cette composition sera toujours t res rare sur les murs des ćglises, mais apparaitera sur un nombre plus eleve d\u27icones qui datent de cette periode. Ce sera un des themes les plus importants des iconostases et figurera toujours sur la voussure d\u27au-dessus du »portail imperial<:. Cette scene disparaitera completement au XVl l le siecle quand elle cede sa place d\u27au-dessus du»portail imperial«a la Sainie Cene. La representation de »l \u27oeil qui velile«var ie a travers del s.\u27ćcles dans expression picturale. Le schema primitif di f fere de celui qui est posterieur. La signification symbolique de ce theme est assez compliquee et jusqu\u27a nos jours elle n\u27a pas t rouve son explication complćte et exacte. La position accentuće que prend ce theme dans I\u27eglise nous revele clairement son importance. II se t rouve souvent peint sur I\u27autel merne ou dans sa proximitć. Par sa position il est lie au cycle de la Passion. Pouvons-nous voir par tant de ces monuments, contenant la composition susdite, aussi les points ou la pensće theologique a ete plus cultivee et plus etudiee? L\u27interet plus intensif, de m eme que I\u27apparition plus frequente de cette scene dans la per iode turque, specialement sur les icones des iconostases, peuvent etre attribues au sens figuratif de l a symbolique de cette composition

Deduction in Education: the Case of Serbia

The main goal of the paper is to provide insight into the current state of education in Serbia regarding the use of educational aspects of software re-lated to deduction, geometry and mathematical reasoning. Authors investigate to what extent and for what purposes teachers and students use such software. The consideration of the current state is substantiated by the examples of teaching practices at different school levels, and supplemented by the proposals which tend to contribute to deeper understanding of the topic. The most commonly used automatic deduction and calculation programs in Serbian education are GeoGebra, Photomath, Microsoft Math Solver, Desmos, and Wolfram Alpha. These mathematical software represent an advantageous topic for cross-curricular connection in schools which could be realized in many different ways. It is suggested in the context of connecting mathematics and physics to art, history of science, national history of science, philosophy, logic and psychology

Povezanost klaničnih osobina jaradi balkanske rase koza

Objective of this study is to determine the correlation between slaughter traits of kids of Balkan goat breed. Research was carried out in underdeveloped region of Serbia, on altitude of approximately 850 m. Semiintensive breeding system, of housing and care of goats was applied. Results of the study of slaughter properties are presented in this paper, also correlation between certain measures on carcass and carcass sides established in 96 kids of Domestic Balkan breed (gender ratio 50:50), slaughtered at the age of 90 days. Average dressing percentage of warm carcass with head and offal of investigated kid population was 58.19%, whereas the value of the dressing percentage of cold carcass with head and offal was 45.19%. Male kids had statistically significantly (at the level of P (lt) 0.05 and P (lt) 0.01) higher values of carcass mass and linear carcass and carcass side measures compared to female kids. Data on established correlation coefficients between slaughter traits of Domestic Balkan kids reflect presence of highly positive and statistically significant (P (lt) 0.001) correlative dependence. Linear regression coefficients of pre-slaughter body mass of kids, as well as coefficients of determination of linear regression (from 0.41 to 0.99) indicate that this trait has very significant effect on all dressing percentages and carcass and carcass side measures. Considering the expression of slaughter traits and correlation between them in kids of Balkan breed, obtained results should be used for formulating of future programs designed to improve the production of meat from autochthonous goat breeds.Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi povezanost (korelacija) između klaničnih parametara jarića balkanske rase koza. Istraživanja su izvedena u nerazvijenom području R Srbije na nadmorskoj visini od oko 850 m. Primenjen je poluintenzivan sistem odgoja, smeštaj i nege koza. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja klaničnih karakteristika i utvrđena korelaciona povezanost osobina pojedinih mera na trupu i polutkama, kod 96 jaradi domaće balkanske koze (sa odnosom polova 50:50) koja su zaklana u uzrastu od 90 dana. Prosečan randman toplog trupa sa glavom i iznutricama kod jaradi ispitivane populacije iznosio je 58,19% dok je vrednost randmana hladnog trupa sa glavom bez iznutrica bila 45,19%. Muška jarad su imala statistički značajno teža i imala su veće linearne mere trupa (na nivou P (lt) 0,05 i P (lt) 0,01) u poređenju sa ženskim. Podaci o koeficijentima korelacije između ispitivanih klaničnih karakteristika jaradi domaće balkanske koze, odražavaju postojanje visoko pozitivne i statistički značajne (P (lt) 0,001), korelativne zavisnosti. Linearni regresioni koeficijenti telesne mase jaradi pred klanje, kao i koeficijenti determinacije linearne regresije (od 0.41 do 0.99), ukazuju na to da ova osobina veoma značajno utiče na sve randmane i mere na trupu i polutkama. Imajući u vidu ispoljenost i povezanost ispitivanih klaničnih karakteristika kod jaradi balkanske rase koza, dobijeni rezultati treba da se iskoriste u formulisanju budućih programa unapređenja proizvodnje mesa kod autohtnonih rasa koza

Antimicrobial Treatment of Oropharyngeal Mucositis During Radio(Chemo)Therapy Treatment of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Orofaringealni mukozitis uobičajena je nuspojava tijekom liječenja pacijenata s karcinomom glave i vrata radio(kemo) terapijom. Manifestira se eritemom, ulceracijama, izraženim bolovima, a do 85% pacijenata zahtijeva tekuću ishranu ili im je onemogućen unos hrane ili tekućine. Mukozitis je ograničavajući čimbenik tijekom liječenja te su simptomatsko - suportivne mjere neophodne za održavanje kvalitete života. Značajno pogoršanje mogu uzrokovati lokalna infekcija ili trauma. Uloga antimikrobne terapije u prevenciji i liječenju mukozitisa diskutabilna je te je većina rezultata kliničkih istraživanja uglavnom negativna ili miješana. U radu je prikazana učestalost orofaringealnog mukozitisa i primjena antimikrobne terapije u njegovoj prevenciji i liječenju kod 99 pacijenata liječenih radio(kemo)terapijom zbog tumora na predjelu glave i vrata na Klinici za onkologiju Sveučilišne kliničke bolnice (SKB) Mostar. Pokazana je učestalost mukozitisa sukladna do sada objavljenim podatcima te je primjena antimikrobnih lijekova uglavnom ograničena na lokalnu primjenu antimikotika u terapijske svrhe.Oropharyngeal mucositis is a common side effect ocurring after a radio(chemo)therapy treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. It is manifested by erythema, ulceration, severe pain, and up to 85% of patients requiring liquid diet or disabled food/fluid intake. Mucositis is a limiting factor during treatment and symptomatic - supportive measures are necessary for maintaining life quality. Exacerbation can be caused by local infection or trauma. The role of antimicrobial therapy in prevention and treatment is debated and the results of clinical trials are mostly negative or mixed. This paper presents the frequency of oropharyngeal mucositis and the use of antimicrobial therapy in its prevention and treatment in 99 patients treated at Clinic of Oncology, University Clinical Hospital (UCH) Mostar. The incidence of mucositis has been shown to be consistent with the data disclosed, and the use of antimicrobial drugs is mostly limited to the local application of antimycotics in therapeutic purposes

Učestalost patogenih gljiva na lucerkinom semenu različite starosti

The presence of pathogenic fungi species on seed of six alfalfa cultivars (K-22, K-23, K-28, NS Banat, NS Mediana and Zaječarska 83) of different seed age (24 months and 108 months) was analyzed in this study. In studied cultivars, except in K-28, on older seeds, less fungi genera were identified compared to younger seed. Seven fungi genera were identified: Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium and sterile mycelia present in percentage from 0 to 6.5%. Alternaria species were identified on younger seed with 0.5% in cultivars K-28 and NS Mediana, 0.75% in K-22, 1% in Zaječarska 83 and 1.25% in cultivar NS Banat. In cultivar K-28, Alternaria species were identified in percentage of 0.25% on older seed. Aspergillus species in percentage of 0.25% were identified only in younger seed of cultivar NS Mediana. Cladosporium species were identified on younger seed in the percentage of 0.25% (NS Mediana), 1% (K-23 and NS Banat) and 6.5% (K-22), and on older seed in percentage of 0.5% (K-23, K-28 and NS Banat). Genus Fusarium was identified in percentage of 0.25% on younger seed of cultivar K-22. Genus Penicillium was identified in the range from 0.25% (K-22) to 0.5% (K-28) on younger seed and from 0.25% (K-22) to 1.75% (NS Banat) on older seed. Genus Rhizopus was identified in cultivar K-28, on younger (0.5%) and older seed (0.25%), and in cultivar Zaječarska 83, only in younger seed with 0.5%. Sterile mycelia was identified on younger seed of cultivars K-22 (4.5%), NS Banat (1.75%), K-23 (1.0%) and Zaječarska 83 (0.5%), and on older seed of cultivars K- 23 and K-28 with 0.25% and K-22 with 0.5%. Genus Stemphylium was identified in percentage of 0.25% only on younger seed of cultivars K-22, K-23, NS Banat and NS Mediana. Results of these analysis indicated favourable health condition of seeds of different age of analyzed alfalfa cultivars, especially in relation to economically important fungi genera Fusarium and Stemphylium.U radu je proučavano prisustvo patogenih vrsta gljiva na semenu šest sorti lucerke (K-22, K-23, K-28, NS Banat, NS Mediana i Zaječarska 83) različite starosti semena (24 meseca i 108 meseci). Kod ispitivanih sorti, osim kod sorte K- 28, na starijem semenu identifikovan je manji broj rodova gljiva u odnosu na mlađe seme. Identifikovano je sedam rodova gljiva, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Stemphylium i sterilna micelija sa prisustvom od 0 do 6,5%. Alternaria vrste identifikovane su na mlađem semenu sa 0,5% kod sorata K-28 i NS Mediana, 0,75% kod K-22, 1% kod Zaječarska 83 i 1,25% kod NS Banat. Kod sorte K-28 Alternaria vrste identifikovane su sa 0,25% na starijem semenu. Aspergillus vrste identifikovane su sa 0,25% samo kod mlađeg semena sorte NS Mediana. Cladosporium vrste identifikovane su na mlađem semenu sa 0,25% (NS Mediana), 1% (K-23 i NS Banat) i 6,5% (K-22), a na starijem semenu sa 0,5% (K-23, K-28 i NS Banat). Rod Fusarium identifikovan je sa 0,25% na mlađem semenu kod sorte K-22. Rod Penicillium identifikovan je od 0,25% (K-22) do 0,5% (K-28) na mlađem semenu i od 0,25% (K-22) do 1,75% (NS Banat) na starijem semenu. Rod Rhizopus identifikovan je kod sorte K-28 i na mlađem (0,5%) i na starijem semenu (0,25%), a kod sorte Zaječarska 83 samo na mlađem semenu sa 0,5%. Sterilna micelija identifikovana je na mlađem semenu kod sorti K-22 (4,5%), NS Banat (1,75%), K-23 (1,0%) i Zaječarska 83 (0,5%), a na starijem semenu kod sorti K-23 i K-28 sa po 0,25% i K-22 sa 0,5%. Rod Stemphylium identifikovan je sa 0,25% samo na mlađem semenu sorti K-22, K-23, NS Banat i NS Mediana. Rezultati ovih analiza ukazuju na povoljno zdravstveno stanje semena različite starosti kod svih ispitivanih sorti lucerke, posebno u odnosu na ekonomski značajne rodove gljiva Fusarium i Stemphylium

Neurochemical in vitro activity of xanthones from Gentianella austriaca

Austrian gentian, Gentianella austriaca (A. Kern. & Jos. Kern), Gentianaceae [syn. Gentiana germanica Willd. subsp. Austriaca] is endemic alpine plant populated at altitudes above 1500 m and up to 2800 m (Struwe et al. 2002). It may be also found in central mountains of Serbia, over 2000m. Although a rare mountain plant G. austriaca is used in traditional medicine to stimulate appetite and to treat digestive complaints, like the other bitter gentians. It is poorly pharmacologically explored, albeit it contains yellow pigments - xanthones, a group of plant secondary metabolites.nul

The impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the occurrence of anxiety and depression in nursing students

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the symptoms of significant psychological burdens for the entire population. However, little is known about the psychological effect of COVID-19 on healthcare students. Objective: The research aimed to determine whether and to what degree healthcare students exhibit signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression during the second year of the pandemic. Material and methods: The study was conducted as an online cross-sectional study, by surveying 133 healthcare students of the Faculty of Medicine. The questionnaire for the assessment of anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder - GAD-7) and the questionnaire for the assessment of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ-9) were used as research instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for statistical data processing, and statistical significance was determined at the p≤ 0.05 level. Results: The highest percentage of students showed minimal symptoms of depression (40.6%), i.e. symptoms of minimal anxiety (45.1%), while the total average score of the GAD-7 questionnaire was 6.35±5.27(SD), and the average value of the total PHQ-9 score was 7.42±5.59(SD). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on healthcare students, who during the second year of the pandemic showed mild depression and mild anxiety

THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TO THE WASTE TREATMENT SCENARIOS RANKING

The selection of an appropriate waste treatment scenario is a complex problem in which a set of environmental, economic, and social criteria must be taken into account. Different waste treatment scenarios have different effects on the environment, which is expressed through a variety of environmental indicators. The main problem is to determine the indicators that clearly and fully express the most important influential factors. This paper presents a number of different environmental indicators and their influence on the waste treatment scenarios ranking. The study is carried out on the example of waste management in the city of Niš. Four scenarios are developed: the business as a usual scenario (meaning the landfilling of waste) and the three other scenarios with energy recovery and preservation of resources including composting organic waste with recycling inorganic waste, incineration of waste, and anaerobic digestion of waste. Four experiments were conducted in order to assess the influence of environmental indicators: the first experiment was done using four indicators, the second by using seven indicators, the third experiment by using nine indicators, and the fourth experiment by twelve indicators. The ranking of each scenario was performed on the basis of a multi-criteria analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP method). The obtained results have shown that the increasing number of environmental indicators has led to a change in the ranking of scenarios in terms of their impact on the environment. Namely, it is necessary to increase the number of environmental indicators to a number which will be sufficient to carry out the relevant waste treatment scenario ranking in terms of the impact on the environment