Serotonin in the Pathogenesis of Lymphocytic Colitis

Lymphocytic colitis (LC) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is reported to increase in certain colon diseases; however, little is known regarding its metabolism in LC. In the present work, the level of 5-HT in serum and the number of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) as well as the expression of the 5-HT rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in colonic biopsies and urine 5-hydroxyindoeoacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 36 LC patients that were treated with budesonide and 32 healthy controls. The 5-HT serum and 5-HIAA urine levels were measured using ELISA, the EEC number was determined immunohistochemically, and the colonic TPH1 mRNA expression was determined using RT-PCR. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the number of EECs were higher in LC patients than in the controls, and positive correlations were observed between the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, 5-HT and EEC number, TPH1 mRNA and EEC number, as well as the severity of disease symptoms and 5-HIAA. Budesonide decreased the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and TPH1 expression and the number of EECs to values that did not differ from those for controls. In conclusion, the serotonin metabolism may be important for LC pathogenesis, and the urinary level of 5-HIAA may be considered as a non-invasive marker of this disease activity.This research was funded by the Medical University of Lodz, grant number 503/6-006-0

Konsensus dotyczący zastosowania leków hamujących wydzielanie kwasu solnego w żołądku w najczęstszych chorobach górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego w praktyce lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej

Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter konsensusu i dotyczy zastosowania leków antysekrecyjnych w leczeniu najczęstszych chorób górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego w praktyce lekarza podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej. Dwadzieścia sześć stwierdzeń, które stanowią podsumowanie obecnego stanu wiedzy na ten temat, zostało poddanych głosowaniu przez członków Zarządu Głównego Polskiego Towarzystwa Gastroenterologii (ZG PTG-E). Celem głosowania była ocena stopnia akceptacji poszczególnych stwierdzeń i gotowości do ich zalecania w polskich warunkach. Dwadzieścia jeden z 26 stwierdzeń zostało zaakceptowanych w całości lub jedynie z pewnym zastrzeżeniem (stopień poparcia A lub B) przez co najmniej 85% głosujących, a kolejne 3 uzyskały poparcie wynoszące co najmniej 74%. Wysoki stopień poparcia większości stwierdzeń zawartych w konsensusie przez członków ZG PTG-E upoważnia do stwierdzenia, że przedstawione w nim zasady wykorzystania leków antysekrecyjnych mogą być rekomendowane w praktyce lekarzy podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce. Gastroenterologia Kliniczna 2009, tom 1, nr 1, 1-

DNA damage and repair in endometrial cancer in correlation with the hOGG1 and RAD51 genes polymorphism

The cellular reaction to the DNA-damaging agents may modulate individual’s cancer susceptibility. This reaction is mainly determined by the efficacy of DNA repair, which in turn, may be influenced by the variability of DNA repair genes, expressed by their polymorphism. The hOGG1 gene encodes a glycosylase of base excision repair and RAD51 specifies a key protein in homologues recombination repair. Both proteins can be involved in the repair of DNA lesions, which are known to contribute to endometrial cancer. In the present work we determined the extent of basal DNA damage and the efficacy of removal of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and N-methyl-N′-nitro N-nitrosoguanidyne (MNNG) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 endometrial cancer patients and 30 individuals without cancer. The results from DNA damage and repair study were correlated with the genotypes of two common polymorphisms of the hOGG1 and RAD51 genes: a G>C transversion at 1245 position of the hOGG1 gene producing a Ser → Cys substitution at the codon 326 (the Ser326Cys polymorphism) and a G>C substitution at 135 position of the RAD51 gene (the 135G>C polymorphism). DNA damage and repair were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. We observed a strong association between endometrial cancer and the C/C genotype of the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between that genotype and endometrial cancer occurrence in subjects with a high level of basal DNA damage. We did not observe any correlation between the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene and endometrial cancer. Our result suggest that the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene may be linked to endometrial cancer and can be considered as an additional marker of this disease

Uwarunkowania i zasady funkcjonowania obszarów samowystarczalnych energetycznie - wybrane aspekty

W Polsce coraz częściej dyskutuje się na temat samowystarczalności energetycznej. Wiele miast, gmin, związków gmin, czy też innych wydzielonych obszarów rozumianych jako strefa wspólnego działania, chce korzystać na dużą skalę z własnych zasobów energetycznych, przede wszystkim tych odnawialnych. Żeby właściwie opracować strategię rozwoju dla takich obszarów należy poprawnie zdefiniować pojęcie "obszar samowystarczalny energetycznie"

Dysfunctions of EU projects on the example of companies operating in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie

Fundusze unijne, wykorzystywane najczęściej pod postacią projektów, traktowane są przez wiele organizacji jako dodatkowe źródło kapitału. Ich pozyskanie, choć często niełatwe, może wiązać się z wieloma korzyściami, jak również niepożądanym oddziaływaniem. Artykuł skupia się więc na negatywnym wpływie projektów unijnych na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstw, czyli tematyce rzadko podejmowanej przez literaturę fachową w tym zakresie. Tekst opisuje najczęściej spotykane dysfunkcje projektów unijnych oraz stara się wykazać przyczyny leżące u podstaw ich występowania.EU funds are often used in the form of projects and are considered by many organizations as an additional source of capital. Their acquisition may involve a number of benefits, as well as undesirable impacts. The article focuses on the negative impact of the EU projects for the companies. This subject is rarely taken by the professional literature in this field. The text describes the most common dysfunctions of EU projects and indicate the reasons for their occurrence

Rok Kopernika 1953 i 1973 jako przejawy polityki komemoracji w Polsce Ludowej

The aim of the article is to discuss the significance of historical anniversaries in the period of People’s Poland by comparing the celebrations of the Year of Copernicus in 1953 and 1973. First, the focus is placed on the institutional analysis of the celebrations and the characteristics of their main participants. Then, the discursive mechanisms of attributing significance to the figure of Nicolaus Copernicus are presented, with a particular emphasis on the value of progressiveness, revolution, anticlericalism. Finally, the author makes an attempt to evaluate the effects of commemoration policy in the Polish society

Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms

Budeanu’s power theory, in its fundamental version, describes single-phase sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal systems. Over time, this elementary description has been extended to three-phase three-wire and four-wire systems, regardless of power conditions. Initially, three-phase systems were considered as three independent single-phase systems. A distinct approach was introduced by Czarnecki in his power theory (Currents’ Physical Components—CPC). The energy description and reference of the equivalent parameters of the load are comprehensive in the context of three-phase systems; Czarnecki treats such systems as a whole. This paper introduces a mathematical model to expand the basic Budeanu theory for three-phase four-wire (3-p 4-w) systems powered by symmetrical and nonsinusoidal voltage sources. The proposed approach is based on mutual elements between the fundamental Budeanu theory and the CPC theory, treating the 3-p 4-w system as a whole. In the extended Budeanu theory model, equations for the Budeanu reactive current and the Budeanu complemented reactive current are derived. The article also demonstrates their orthogonality concerning the remaining components, indicating that each of the seven components can exist independently of the others. Furthermore, in the extended Budeanu theory, it is possible to identify which equivalent parameters of the load are responsible for the individual currents (powers) and which components are associated with the total distortion power proposed by Budeanu in 1927. All of the calculations were performed in Matlab/Simulink 2023b software

Advanced Metering Infrastructure—Towards a Reliable Network

In order to ensure continuous energy supply, Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have to monitor and analyze the condition of the power grid, especially checking for random events, such as breakdowns or other disturbances. Still, relatively little information is available on the operation of the Low Voltage (LV) grid. This can be improved thanks to digital tools, offering online processing of data, which ultimately increases effectiveness of the power grid. Among those tools, the use of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is especially conducive for improving reliability. AMI is one of the elements of the system Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for the LV grid. Exact knowledge of the reliability conditions of a power grid is also indispensable for optimizing investment. AMI is also key in providing operational capacity for carrying out energy balance in virtual power plants (VPPs). This paper deals with methodology of identification and location of faults in the AMI-supervised LV grid and with calculating the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) on the basis of the recorded events. The results presented in the paper are based on data obtained from seven MV/LV transformer stations that supply over 2000 customers