Role of TROP 2 overexpression in selected solid tumors

Rozwój badań nad komórką nowotworową pozwolił na zidentyfikowanie wielu białek receptorowych na jej powierzchni i szlaków sygnałowych warunkujących proliferację. TROP 2 jest jednym z białek receptorowych, obecnym na komórkach prawidłowych, natomiast jego nadekspresja jest stwierdzana na komórkach nowotworowych w różnych typach nowotworów. Nadekspresja białka TROP 2 może być czynnikiem prognostycznym oraz punktem uchwytu dla terapii celowanych. Terapia wykorzystująca koniugaty przeciwciała anty-TROP 2 z lekiem cytotoksycznym znajduje zastosowanie w systemowym leczeniu nowotworów narządowych. Obecnie prowadzonych jest wiele badań oceniających skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo leczenia z wykorzystaniem leków celowanych na receptor TROP 2.Cancer cell research development has led to the identification of many cell-surface proteins and signaling pathways that are required for cancer cell proliferation. TROP2 is one of the cell-surface proteins expressed in normal tissues. However, its overexpression is present in many types of malignant tumors. TROP2 overexpression may be a prognostic factor and a foothold for targeted therapies. Treatment with antibody-drug conjugates is applied in systemic cancer therapy. Currently, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TROP2-targeted therapies

Evaluation of symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with breast cancer after breast amputation or conservation treated with adjuvant chemotherapy

Introduction Evaluation of the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in women treated for breast cancer who underwent surgical procedure using one of two alternative methods, either radical mastectomy or breast conserving treatment (BCT). Material and Methods A questionnaire survey involved 85 patients treated in a conservative way and 94 patients after breast amputation. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and depression degree evaluation questionnaire were used in the study. The patients’ responses were statistically analyzed. Results Based on the HADS questionnaire, the total anxiety level in the group of women treated with BCT was 6.96 points, while in the group of patients who had undergone mastectomy the value was 7.8 points. The observed results were statistically significant. In the case of depression, the following values were found: patients after amputation had 8.04 scale value points, and those after BCT had 6.8 scale value points. The observed differences were statistically significant. Negative correlation was found between the level of anxiety and depression. The total level of depression evaluated using the Beck scale was 16.3 points in the BCT group, which means that they suffered from mild depression, while in the mastectomy group the level was 19.6 points, which corresponds to moderate depression. Conclusions The level of anxiety and depression among women with breast cancer was influenced by the type of the applied surgical procedure and adjuvant chemotherapy. Demographic variables did not influence the level of anxiety and depression

Life quality of women with breast cancer after mastectomy or breast conserving therapy treated with adjuvant chemotherapy

Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in women. The evaluation of the quality of life has become a treatment parameter as important as survival. Objective The aim of the study was evaluation of the quality of life among women treated for breast cancer who underwent surgical procedures using two alternative methods: mastectomy or breast conserving therapy (BCT). Material and Methods 85 patients treated with BCT and 94 patients who underwent mastectomy were evaluated. Standard questionnaires for the evaluation of the quality of life of cancer patients were used – QLQ-C30 (Quality of life questionnaire – core 30) with QLQ-BR23 (Breast Cancer Module). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was also applied. Results Social and demographic factors (age, education, marital status) influenced the evaluation of the life quality among both groups. Obtained data was also dependent on the type of surgical procedure and chemical treatment. The level of anxiety and depression also influenced the general quality of life and was higher in women who underwent mastectomy. Conclusions Quality of life plays an important role in the treatment process. Women after BCT declared a higher quality of life compared to patients after mastectomy. The process of making the decision concerning the planned surgical procedure should take into consideration the influence of the intervention on the quality of patients’ future life

Quality of life and occurrence of depression under chemotherapy in patients suffering from lung carcinoma

[b]introduction and objective[/b]. In Poland, lung carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in men and the third most frequent in women. The neoplastic disease causes enormous psychic stress and may lead to depressive reactions. The purpose of this research was to assess the quality of life and the occurrence of depression in patients suffering from lung neoplasms and undergoing chemotherapy. [b]materials and method[/b]. The research covered 102 patients (test group TG) with lung carcinoma and undergoing chemotherapy. In the research, standardised questionnaires: EORTC-QLQ-C30, Beck Depression Inventory and a matrix developed by the researcher were applied. The control group (CG) consisted of 60 healthy people who were examined by the Beck Depression Inventory. [b]results[/b]. A highly statistically significant dependency was found (p<0.01) between the general quality of life and the occurrence of depression. 51.5% of those examined with a very low level of general quality of life had the symptoms of severe depression. Those examined who had a very high level of general quality of life did not have features of severe depression. A statistically significant dependency (p<0.01) was ascertained between the occurrence of depression and the health condition of those examined. [b]conclusions[/b]. Depression symptoms occur more frequently and with greater intensity in patients suffering from lung neoplasm, compared to the group of healthy people (p<0.01). A statistically significant connection between marital status, place of residence, and assessment of quality of life was found out (p<0.05)

Place of residence does not significantly influence radiological morphology of cervical cancer

Introduction and objective Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of women. Its incidence and morphology was analyzed based on the magnetic resonance (MR) data among rural and urban residents. Material and Methods The study involved 61 Caucasian women (58.26±9.63 years) preliminary diagnosed with a cervical cancer without any previous treatment. Standard MR examination, including diffusion weighted imagining, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value measurement and dynamic contrast enhancement, was performed. Results The rural residents (n=22) were insignificantly older. Their first and last menstruation were observed later and number of pregnancy was higher than in urban women (n=39). However, the incidence of miscarriage was insignificantly rarer. All the tumour linear diameters as well as its volume were insignificantly higher in rural women. The ADC value of the cervical tumor was insignificantly lower, while ADC of lymphatic nodules was higher in rural women. Insignificant changes in tumour grade between both examined groups were found in histological, clinical and radiological examinations. Place of residence did not influence any clinical symptoms nor tumour volume and its ADC. Colporrhoea and colpodynia were insignificantly more often observed in urban women, while parametrium, urinary bladder and rectal infiltrations were more commonly seen in rural residents. Higher risk of lymphatic spread to the internal iliac and parametral lymphatic nodes was reporte[b]d in the rural community. Conclusions Cervical cancer had similar morphology and growth pattern, regardless of the place of residence. However, a insignificantly larger tumour size among rural residents may suggest a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, probably as a result of less aaccess to modern health care

Place of residence does not significantly influence radiological morphology of cervical cancer

Introduction and objective Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of women. Its incidence and morphology was analyzed based on the magnetic resonance (MR) data among rural and urban residents. Material and Methods The study involved 61 Caucasian women (58.26±9.63 years) preliminary diagnosed with a cervical cancer without any previous treatment. Standard MR examination, including diffusion weighted imagining, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value measurement and dynamic contrast enhancement, was performed. Results The rural residents (n=22) were insignificantly older. Their first and last menstruation were observed later and number of pregnancy was higher than in urban women (n=39). However, the incidence of miscarriage was insignificantly rarer. All the tumour linear diameters as well as its volume were insignificantly higher in rural women. The ADC value of the cervical tumor was insignificantly lower, while ADC of lymphatic nodules was higher in rural women. Insignificant changes in tumour grade between both examined groups were found in histological, clinical and radiological examinations. Place of residence did not influence any clinical symptoms nor tumour volume and its ADC. Colporrhoea and colpodynia were insignificantly more often observed in urban women, while parametrium, urinary bladder and rectal infiltrations were more commonly seen in rural residents. Higher risk of lymphatic spread to the internal iliac and parametral lymphatic nodes was reporte[b]d in the rural community. Conclusions Cervical cancer had similar morphology and growth pattern, regardless of the place of residence. However, a insignificantly larger tumour size among rural residents may suggest a higher incidence of lymphatic spread, probably as a result of less aaccess to modern health care

Real-life data of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide treatment in post-chemotherapy metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Poland

BackgroundAbiraterone acetate (ABI) and Enzalutamide (ENZA) are second-generation hormone drugs that show breakthrough activity in post-chemotherapy, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The leading oncological and urological guidelines indicate both drugs with the same strong recommendation. There is a lack of randomized trials which compare the efficacy of ABI and ENZA. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the drugs with an analysis of prognostic factors related to those drugs.Patients and methodsThe study included 420 patients with docetaxel (DXL) pretreated mCRPC from seven Polish cancer centers. Patients were treated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Polish national drug program (1000 mg ABI and 10 mg prednisone, n=76.2%; ENZA, 160 mg; n=23.8%). The study retrospectively analyzed the overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), PSA 50% decline rate (PSA 50%) and selected clinic-pathological data.ResultsIn the study group, the median OS was 17 months (95% CI: 15.6-18.3). The median OS (26.1 vs. 15.7 mo.; p&lt;0.001), TTF (14.2 vs. 7.6 mo.; p&lt;0.001) and PSA 50% (87.5 vs. 56%; p&lt;0.001) were higher in ENZA than in ABI treatment. Multivariate analysis shows that ENZA treatment and PSA nadir &lt;17.35 ng/mL during or after DXL treatment were related to longer TTF. ENZA treatment, DXL dose ≥750 mg, PSA nadir &lt;17.35 ng/mL during or after DXL treatment was related to longer OS.ConclusionsENZA treatment may be related to more favorable oncological outcomes than ABI treatment in the studied Polish population of patients. A 50% decline in PSA is an indicator of longer TTF and OS. Due to the non-randomized and retrospective nature of the analysis, the current results require prospective validation

Molecular diagnostics of cancers – practical approach

Wprowadzenie do leczenia chorób nowotworowych terapii celowanych opartych na przeciwciałach monoklonalnych lub drobnocząsteczkowych inhibitorach kinaz doprowadziło, u wybranych chorych, do istotnej poprawy efektów leczenia. Uzyskanie wydłużenia czasu przeżycia bez progresji choroby czy przeżycia całkowitego wiąże się jednak z koniecznością wykonania na etapie diagnostyki szeregu oznaczeń molekularnych. Ich mnogość narzucana zapisami programów lekowych stwarza ogromne problemy we właściwym doborze poszczególnych oznaczeń oraz stanowi istotne wyzwanie w procesie rozliczenia wykonanych badań. W niniejszym opracowaniu podsumowano najważniejsze aspekty diagnostyki molekularnej nowotworów zalecanej i dostępnej w praktyce klinicznej w Polsce.Wprowadzenie do leczenia chorób nowotworowych terapii celowanych opartych na przeciwciałach monoklonalnych lub drobnocząsteczkowych inhibitorach kinaz doprowadziło, u wybranych chorych, do istotnej poprawy efektów leczenia. Uzyskanie wydłużenia czasu przeżycia bez progresji choroby czy przeżycia całkowitego wiąże się jednak z koniecznością wykonania na etapie diagnostyki szeregu oznaczeń molekularnych. Ich mnogość narzucana zapisami programów lekowych stwarza ogromne problemy we właściwym doborze poszczególnych oznaczeń oraz stanowi istotne wyzwanie w procesie rozliczenia wykonanych badań. W niniejszym opracowaniu podsumowano najważniejsze aspekty diagnostyki molekularnej nowotworów zalecanej i dostępnej w praktyce klinicznej w Polsce

Diagnostyka molekularna nowotworów – podejście praktyczne

Wprowadzenie do leczenia chorób nowotworowych terapii celowanych opartych na przeciwciałach monoklonalnych lub drobnocząsteczkowych inhibitorach kinaz doprowadziło, u wybranych chorych, do istotnej poprawy efektów leczenia. Uzyskanie wydłużenia czasu przeżycia bez progresji choroby czy przeżycia całkowitego wiąże się jednak z koniecznością wykonania na etapie diagnostyki szeregu oznaczeń molekularnych. Ich mnogość narzucana zapisami programów lekowych stwarza ogromne problemy we właściwym doborze poszczególnych oznaczeń oraz stanowi istotne wyzwanie w procesie rozliczenia wykonanych badań. W niniejszym opracowaniu podsumowano najważniejsze aspekty diagnostyki molekularnej nowotworów zalecanej i dostępnej w praktyce klinicznej w Polsce.Wprowadzenie terapii celowanych opartych na przeciwciałach monoklonalnych lub drobnocząsteczkowych inhibitorach kinaz do leczenia chorob nowotworowych doprowadziło do istotnej poprawy wynikow leczenia wybranych chorych. Wydłużenie czasu przeżycia bez progresji choroby czy przeżycia całkowitego wiąże się jednak z koniecznością wykonania na etapie diagnostyki szeregu oznaczeń molekularnych. Ich mnogość – narzucana zapisami programow lekowych – stwarza ogromne problemy we właściwym doborze poszczegolnych oznaczeń oraz stanowi istotne wyzwanie w procesie rozliczania wykonanych badań. W tym opracowaniu podsumowano najważniejsze aspekty diagnostyki molekularnej nowotworow zalecanej i dostępnej w praktyce klinicznej w Polsce