How to Solve the Price Puzzle? A Meta-Analysis

The short-run increase in prices following an unexpected tightening of monetary policy represents a frequently reported puzzle. Yet the puzzle is surprisingly easy to explain away when all published models are quantitatively reviewed. We collect about 1,000 point estimates of impulse responses from 70 articles using vector autoregressive models and present a simple method of research synthesis for graphical results. We find some evidence of publication selection against the price puzzle. Our results suggest that the reported impulse responses depend systematically on the study design: when misspecifications are filtered out, the average impulse response shows that prices decrease soon after a tightening. The long-run response of prices to monetary policy shocks depends on the characteristics of the economy.Meta-analysis, monetary policy transmission, price puzzle, publication selection bias.

Do Financial Variables Help Predict Macroeconomic Environment? The Case of the Czech Republic

In this paper, we 1) examine the interactions of financial variables and the macroeconomy within the block-restriction vector autoregression model and 2) evaluate to what extent the financial variables improve the forecasts of GDP growth and inflation. For this reason, various financial variables are examined, including those unexplored in previous literature, such as the share of liquid assets in the banking industry and the loan loss provision rate. Our results suggest that financial variables have a systematic and statistically significant effect on macroeconomic fluctuations. In terms of forecast evaluation, financial variables in general seem to improve the forecast of macroeconomic variables, but the predictive performance of individual financial variables varies over time, in particular during the 2008–2009 crisis.Forecasting, macroeconomic and financial linkages, vector autoregressions.

ANALIZA RUCHU SIECIOWEGO Z WYKORZYSTANIEM NETFLOW I PYTHON

This article presents an application that is used as NetFlow collector and analyzer. It is a console application created in Python language. A software analyzer detects and analyzes incoming NetFlow messages version 1 and 5 of devices that support them. The output file is a database of information and analysis of the overall UNIX time duration of reported traffic and analysis of NetFlow lifetime. The software is developed to work with Python version 3 and higher and is designed for the Windows operating system.W artykule przedstawiono aplikację używaną jako kolektor i analizator NetFlow. Jest to aplikacja konsoli utworzona w języku Python. Analizator oprogramowania wykrywa i analizuje przychodzące wiadomości NetFlow w wersji 1 i 5 dla urządzeń je obsługujących. Plik wyjściowy to baza danych informacji i analizy ogólnego czasu trwania zgłoszonego ruchu UNIX i analizy życia NetFlow. Oprogramowanie zostało opracowywane dla systemu operacyjnego Windows i języka Python wersja 3 lub wyższa

Deployment of PON in Europe and Deep Data Analysis of GPON

This chapter discusses the extensibility of fiber to the x (FTTx) households, specifically in the territory of the European Union. The Czech Republic has made a commitment to other member states to provide connectivity of at least 100 Mbit/s for half of the households by 2020. Although Internet access in the Czech Republic is mostly dominated by wireless fidelity (WiFi), this technology is not capable of meeting the demanding current demands at a reasonable price. As a result, passive optical networks are on the rise in access networks and in mobile cell networks by fiber to the antenna (FTTA). Passive optical networks use much more complex networks. In cooperation with Orange Slovakia, the analysis of the transmitted data was conducted. The optical network unit management and control interface (OMCI) channel data, as well as the activation data associated with specific end units, were analyzed. We propose a complete analysis of the end-unit-related activation process, download, and initialization of the data image for setting the end units and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) parameters. Finally, we performed an analysis of the transmission of dying gasp messages

Visualization Tool for Control Signalling in NG-PON2

The requirements of end users on the quality of Internet connection and services is forcing the Internet providersand technical community to propose and introduce new technologies which may react to this demand. The most promising solution in this regard seems to be a passive optical network. There are many standards and recommendations provided by the organizations IEEE and ITU-T, such as EPON, GEPON, G-PON, XG-PON, and newly added NG-PON2 described in the ITU-T G.989 recommendation. Due to the implementation of TWDM mechanism the recommendation describes additionalcontrol messages to manage the whole network. This leads us to a need for a visualization tool which clearly shows control message flows and events between ONU and OLT units for each state. The application, designed by the authors and developed in C# programming language, is mainly focused on education purposes, but could be also useful to skilled industry professionals and in general those who have read the standard but are not fully familiar with the sequence of data flow in NG-PON2

High Speed (100G) Access Networks

Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. Increasing bandwidth requirements and big data applications need to a huge bandwidth. Nowadays, gigabit passive optical networks do not seem to be suitable for these purposes. This paper is focused ondescribing the development, parameters, and needs for HighSpeed Access Networks (such as 100G EPON). The simulationswith current wavelengths plans are presented. For simulations,we used VPITransmissionMakerTM 9.7. Our goal was to createa rudimentary bidirectional PON system with one ONU anddo several simulation scenarios by artificially increasing loss ina splitter for simulating more ONUs. Our following results consist of BER values and eye diagrams for each simulation scenario and proof that 100G EPON networks are most promising networks for the future

Remittances and Economic Growth: A Quantitative Survey

Expatriate workers’ remittances represent an important source of financing for low- and middle-income countries. No consensus, however, has yet emerged regarding the effect of remittances on economic growth. In a quantitative survey of 538 estimates reported in 95 studies, we find that approximately 40% of the studies report a positive effect, 40% report no effect, and 20% report a negative effect. Our results indicate publication bias in favor of positive effects. Correcting for the bias using recently developed techniques, we find that the mean effect of remittances on growth is still positive but economically small. Nevertheless, our results uncover noticeable regional differences: remittances are growth-enhancing in Asia but not in Africa. Studies that do not control for alternative sources of external finance, such as foreign aid and foreign direct investment, mismeasure the effect of remittances. Finally, time-series studies and studies ignoring endogeneity issues report systematically larger effects of remittances on growth