35 research outputs found
Investigation of hydro-lipophilic properties of n-alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides
The evaluation of the lipophilic characteristics of biologically active agents is indispensable for the rational design of ADMET-tailored structure–activity models. N-Alkoxy-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, N-alkoxy-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, and N-alkoxy-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides were recently reported as a series of compounds with antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and herbicidal activity. As it was found that the lipophilicity of these biologically active agents determines their activity, the hydro-lipophilic properties of all three series were investigated in this study. All 57 anilides were analyzed using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of lipophilicity. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped non-polar C18 stationary reversed-phase column. In the present study, a range of software lipophilicity predictors for the estimation of clogP values of a set of N-alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides was employed and subsequently cross-compared with experimental parameters. Thus, the empirical values of lipophilicity (logk) and the distributive parameters (π) were compared with the corresponding in silico characteristics that were calculated using alternative methods for deducing the lipophilic features. To scrutinize (dis)similarities between the derivatives, a PCA procedure was applied to visualize the major differences in the performance of molecules with respect to their lipophilic profile, molecular weight, and violations of Lipinski’s Rule of Five
Photosynthesis-inhibiting activity of N-(Disubstitutedphenyl)-3- hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides
A set of twenty-four 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, disubstituted on the anilide ring by combinations of methoxy/methyl/fluoro/chloro/bromo and ditrifluoromethyl groups at different positions, was prepared. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. N-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-, N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-, N-(2,5-difluorophenyl)- and N-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides showed the highest PET-inhibiting activity (IC50 ~ 10 M) within the series. These compounds were able to inhibit PET in photosystem II. It has been found that PET-inhibiting activity strongly depends on the position of the individual substituents on the anilide ring and on the
lipophilicity of the compounds. The electron-withdrawing properties of the substituents contribute towards the PET activity of these compounds
Insights into Antimalarial Activity of N-Phenyl- Substituted Cinnamanilides
peer reviewedDue to the urgent need of innovation in the antimalarial therapeutic arsenal, a series of thirty-seven ring-substituted N-arylcinnamanilides prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis were subjected to primary screening against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. falciparum 3D7/MRA-102. The lipophilicity of all compounds was experimentally determined as the logarithm of the capacity factor k, and these data were subsequently used in the discussion of structure-activity relationships. Among the screened compounds, fourteen derivatives exhibited IC50 from 0.58 to 31 μM, whereas (2E)-N-(4-bromo- 2-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (24) was the most effective agent (IC50 = 0.58 μM). In addi- tion, (2E)-N-[2,6-dibromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (36), (2E)-N-[4-nitro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop- 2-enamide (18), (2E)-N-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylprop- 2-enamide (23), and (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide (33) demonstrated efficacy in the IC50 range from 2.0 to 4.3 μM, comparable to the clinically used standard chloroquine. The results of a cell viability screening performed using THP1-BlueTM NF-κB cells showed that none of these highly active compounds displayed any significant cytotoxic effect up to 20 μM, which makes them promising Plasmodium selective substances for further investigations
Design and synthesis of anticancer 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides with a p53 independent mechanism of action
A series of 116 small-molecule 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was designed based on the
fragment-based approach and was synthesized according to the microwave-assisted protocol. The
biological activity of all of the compounds was tested on human colon carcinoma cell lines including
a deleted TP53 tumor suppressor gene. The mechanism of activity was studied according to the p53
status in the cell. Several compounds revealed a good to excellent activity that was similar to or better
than the standard anticancer drugs. Some of these appeared to be more active against the p53 null cells
than their wild-type counterparts. Intercalating the properties of these compounds could be responsible
for their mechanism of action
Consensus-based pharmacophore mapping for new set of N-(disubstitutedphenyl)- 3-hydroxyl-naphthalene-2-carboxamides
A series of twenty-two novel N-(disubstituted-phenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-
2-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and characterized as potential antimicrobial
agents. N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- and N-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-
2-carboxamide showed submicromolar (MICs 0.16–0.68 M) activity against
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- and
N-[4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide revealed activity
against M. tuberculosis (both MICs 10 M) comparable with that of rifampicin. Synergistic activity
was observed for the combinations of ciprofloxacin with N-[4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- and
N-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides against MRSA SA 630 isolate.
The similarity-related property space assessment for the congeneric series of structurally related
carboxamide derivatives was performed using the principal component analysis. Interestingly,
di erent distribution of mono-halogenated carboxamide derivatives with the –CF3 substituent is
accompanied by the increased activity profile. A symmetric matrix of Tanimoto coe cients indicated
the structural dissimilarities of dichloro- and dimetoxy-substituted isomers from the remaining ones.
Moreover, the quantitative sampling of similarity-related activity landscape provided a subtle picture
of favorable and disallowed structural modifications that are valid for determining activity cli s.
Finally, the advanced method of neural network quantitative SAR was engaged to illustrate the key
3D steric/electronic/lipophilic features of the ligand-site composition by the systematic probing of the
functional group
Towards Arginase Inhibition: Hybrid SAR Protocol for Property Mapping of Chlorinated N-arylcinnamamides
peer reviewedA series of seventeen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and seventeen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were characterized for their antiplasmodial activity. In vitro screening on a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7/MRA-102 highlighted that 23 compounds possessed IC50 < 30 µM. Typically, 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides showed a broader range of activity compared to 4-chlorocinnamanilides. (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-amide with IC50 = 1.6 µM was the most effective agent, while the other eight most active derivatives showed IC50 in the range from 1.8 to 4.6 µM. A good correlation between the experimental logk and the estimated clogP was recorded for the whole ensemble of the lipophilicity generators. Moreover, the SAR-mediated similarity assessment of the novel (di)chlorinated N-arylcinnamamides was conducted using the collaborative (hybrid) ligand-based and structure-related protocols. In consequence, an ‘averaged’ selection-driven interaction pattern was produced based in namely ‘pseudo–consensus’ 3D pharmacophore mapping. The molecular docking approach was engaged for the most potent antiplasmodial agents in order to gain an insight into the arginase-inhibitor binding mode. The docking study revealed that (di)chlorinated aromatic (C-phenyl) rings are oriented towards the binuclear manganese cluster in the energetically favorable poses of the chloroquine and the most potent arginase inhibitors. Additionally, the water-mediated hydrogen bonds were formed via carbonyl function present in the new N-arylcinnamamides and the fluorine substituent (alone or in trifluoromethyl group) of N-phenyl ring seems to play a key role in forming the halogen bonds
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 1-[(2-Substituted phenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl Carbamates
Series of thirteen 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates and thirteen 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl carbamates with alkyl/cycloalkyl/arylalkyl chains were prepared and characterized. Primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against Staphylococcus aureus, two methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, Mycobacterium marinum, and M. kansasii. 1-[(2-Chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate and 1-[(2-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-2-yl ethylcarbamate showed antistaphylococcal (MICs = 42 µM against MRSA) and antimycobacterial (MICs = 21 µM) activity against the tested strains comparable with or higher than that of the standards ampicillin and isoniazid. In the case of bulkier carbamate tails (R > propyl/isopropyl), the activity was similar (MICs ca. 70 µM). Screening of the cytotoxicity of both of the most effective compounds was performed using THP-1 cells, and no significant lethal effect was observed (LD50 >30 µM). The structure-activity relationships are discussed
Photosynthesis-Inhibiting Activity of Fluorinated 2-Hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides
2-Hydroxy-N-phenylnaphthalene-1-carboxamide, three fluoro monosubstituted and five fluoro disubstituted 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides were prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis and characterized. All the compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. The PET inhibitory activity of the discussed compounds proved to be in a wide range, from inactive N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxamide with an IC50 = 904 μM to N-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxamide with an IC50 of 44.2 μM, which was the most potent isomer of the series of evaluated compounds. Based on previous studies, it can be assumed that the mechanism of PET inhibition of these compounds is the inhibition of photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane
Preparation and Photosynthesis-Inhibiting Activity of Novel Dihalogenated 3-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides
In this study, a series of nine 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, disubstituted on the anilide ring by fluorine, chlorine and bromine in various positions, was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis and characterized. The compounds were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. The PET-inhibiting activity of the compounds was within a wide range, but rather moderate; the highest activity within the series of the compounds was observed for N-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide (IC50 = 9.8 µM). The compounds were found to inhibit PET in photosystem II
Preparation and Hydro-Lipophilic Properties of Monosubstituted <i>N</i>-Aryl-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxanilides
A series of twenty-two monosubstituted N-aryl-4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxanilides designed as dual anti-invasive agents was prepared and characterized. Lipophilicity significantly affects biological activities of compounds and ADME properties; therefore, the lipo-hydrophilic properties of these 4-hydroxyquinoline-3-carboxanilides were investigated. All the derivatives were analyzed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The procedure was carried out under isocratic conditions with methanol as the organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped non-polar C18 stationary reversed-phase column. In this study, correlations between the logarithm of the capacity factor k and log P/Clog P values calculated using various methods are discussed, as well as the relationships between lipophilicity and chemical structure of the studied compounds