ELECTROMAGNETIC ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON WAVES WITH AC FIELD IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

In this paper the effect of externally injected beam of cold electrons on electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) waves in the magnetosphere has been discussed. The investigation is conducted using the methodology of characteristic solution and considering kappa distribution function in the presence of AC field.  The objective of present study is to examine the variation in growth rate of EMEC waves when temperature anisotropy, magnitude of AC field and number density of energetic particles varies. It is inferred that EMEC waves grow more significantly when propagating oblique to magnetic field direction rather than parallel to magnetic field direction. Also that as the temperature anisotropy and number density of background plasma increases, growth rate of EMEC waves increases

The preparation of HEMA-MPC films for ocular drug delivery

There is a need to prolong drug residence time using a biocompatible formulation in the subconjunctival space after surgery to treat glaucoma. Drug releasing discs were prepared with 2-(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) and 2-methacryloyl-oxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). The ratio of bound water (Wb) to free water (Wf) ratio increased from 1:0.3 to 1:6.8 with increasing MPC (0 to 50%, w/w). The optimal balance between water content, SR and mechanical strength were obtained with 10% MPC (w/w) hydrogels. Water-alcohol mixtures were examined to facilitate loading of poorly soluble drugs, and they showed greater hydrogel swelling than either water or alcohol alone. The SR was 1.2 ± 0.02 and 3.3 ± 0.1 for water and water:ethanol (1:1) respectively. HEMA-MPC (10%) discs were loaded with dexamethasone using either water:ethanol (1:1) or methanol alone. Drug release was examined in an outflow rig model that mimics the subconjunctival space in the eye. Dexamethasone loading increased from 0.3 to 1.9 mg/disc when the solvent was changed from water:ethanol (1:1) to methanol with the dexamethasone half-life (t½) increasing from 1.9 to 9.7 days respectively. These encouraging results indicate that HEMA-MPC hydrogels have the potential to sustain the residence time of a drug in the subconjunctival space of the eye

Single CFTA Based Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filter

This paper introduces a new current-mode (CM) universal biquad filter structure with optimum number of active and passive elements. In the design, the proposed circuit uses a single active element namely, current follower trans-conductance amplifier (CFTA) and two grounded capacitors as passive elements. The main feature of the proposed circuit is that it can realize all five standard filtering functions such as low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), band stop (BS) and all pass (AP) responses across an explicit high impedance output terminal through the appropriate selection of three inputs. In addition, the same circuit is also capable to simultaneously realize three filtering functions (LP, BP and HP) by the use of single current input signal. Moreover, the proposed structure is suited for low voltage, low power operations and offers the feature of electronic tunability of pole-frequency and quality factor. Further to extend the utility of the proposed circuit block higher order current-mode filters are also realized through direct cascading. A detailed non-ideal and parasitic study is also included. The performance of the circuits has been examined using standard 0.25 μ m CMOS parameters from TSMC

Transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in laser ablated nitrogen doped ZnO thin films

Transition from room temperature diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in N doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films grown by pulsed laser deposition with tunable energy density has been identified. ZnO:N films deposited with moderate laser energy density of 2.5 J/cm2 are single phase and nearly defect free having N dopant substitution at O sites in ZnO lattice, exhibiting intrinsic ferromagnetism. When energy density reduces (<2.5 J/cm2), defects in ZnO:N film degrades ferromagnetism and exhibit diamagnetic phase when grown at energy density of 1.0 J/cm2. Growth kinetics, which in turn depends on laser energy density is playing important role in making transition from ferromagnetic to diamagnetic in ZnO:N films

Not Available

Not AvailableThis bulletin is an attempt to answer some questions which are important for installation and maintenance of SAS/JMP/JMP Genomics. It also includes the trouble shooting steps for errors that may occur frequently.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablePlant biomass is the basis for the calculation of net primary production. Estimation of fresh biomass in high throughput way is critical for plant phenotyping. Conventional phenotyping approaches for measuring the fresh biomass is time consuming, laborious and destructive in nature. Image analysis based plant phenotyping is very popular nowadays. Most of the approaches used projected shoot area from visual images (VIS) to estimate the fresh biomass. As water content has a significant effect on fresh biomass and water absorbs radiation at near infra-red (NIR) region (900nm to 1700nm), we have hypothesized that the combined use of VIS and NIR imaging can predict the fresh biomass more accurately that the VIS image alone. In this study, VIS and NIR images were collected using LemaTec facility installed at Nanaji Deshmukh Plant Phenomics Center, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi-12. In this study, VIS and NIR imaging were captured for rice leaves with different moisture content as a test case. MATLAB software (version 2015b) was used for image analysis. The two image derived parameter viz. Green Leaf Proportion (GPR) from VIS image and mean gray value/intensity (MGV_NIR) from NIR image were used to develop the statistical model to estimate the fresh biomass in the form of Leaf Fresh Weight (LFW). The proposed approach significantly enhanced the fresh biomass estimation.Not Availabl