Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study

Earthquakes can generate a significant number of casualties within seconds, as well as high economic losses. The lack of rapid and coordinated emergency intervention can contribute to much greater losses. In this paper we develop a framework taking advantage of the ArcGis Network Analyst extension, able to account for post-earthquake conditions and reflect travel times. By combining 1) network characteristics with 2) direct seismic damage information, 3) models to determine road obstruction potential, 4) traffic information and time-dependent post-earthquake modeling but also 5) emergency intervention facilities (hospitals or fire stations) and considerations regarding their functional limitations, this framework can provide important support for the management of emergency intervention but also for risk reduction planning. Main results consist of maps showing travel times for various scenarios and moments after an earthquake, inaccessible areas, vital roads for access or an identification of important facilities. As case study we chose Bucharest, one of Europe’s most endangered capitals considering the seismic risk level. The city was and could be considerably affected by earthquakes in the Vrancea Seismic Zone, being characterized by a high number of vulnerable buildings and by one of the greatest typical traffic congestion levels in the world. Compared to previous network studies for Bucharest, the new approach is more complex and customable, providing means for real-time integration and time-dependent analysis. Results, for a worst-case scenario, prove that the risks could be even greater than expected, but also what should be done to mitigate them, such as the construction of a new hospital in the western part of the city, ensuring safe delimited routes for emergency vehicles or expanding the treatment capacity of actual hospitals—some of which also need seismic retrofitting. Results of this study will be integrated in the revised version of the National Conception for Post-Earthquake Response—an operational framework which will lead to risk mitigation through the improvement of post-disaster reaction

Shear-wave velocity database for Bucharest

This database contains shear wave velocity values (Vs) measured using different methods at sites in or near Bucharest, which are available in literature from various sources (most of them including the authors of this database) mentioned in the reference column. The database was compiled by Bala A., Toma-Danila D. (from the National Institute of Earth Physics, Romania - INFP) and Arion C. (from the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania - UTCB).THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Firestations in Bucharest and Ilfov (Romania)

You can find here a list of firestations in Bucharest city and Ilfov county (Romania), according to official data, geocoded and manually verified. Although we tried to make it as precise as we can, we don't guarantee that all attributes are accurrate so we don't decline any responsability in using this dataset as an authoritive data source.This dataset has been compiled and used in various studies:- Toma-Danila D., Tiganescu A., D’Ayala D., Sun L., Armas I. (in review; 2022?) Time-dependent framework for analyzing emergency intervention travel times and risk implications due to earthquakes. Bucharest case study. Frontiers in Earth Science (please use this as main citation when available, given that is significantly different than previous versions)- Toma-Danila D., Armas I., Tiganescu A. (2020) Network-risk: an open GIS toolbox for estimating the implications of transportation network damage due to natural hazards, tested for Bucharest, Romania. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20(5):1421-1439, doi: 10.5194/nhess-20-1421-2020 - Toma-Danila D. (2018) A GIS framework for evaluating the implications of urban road network failure due to earthquakes: Bucharest (Romania) case study. Natural Hazards, 93, 97-111.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Shear-wave velocity database for Bucharest

This database contains shear wave velocity values (Vs) measured using different methods at sites in or near Bucharest, which are available in literature from various sources (most of them including the authors of this database) mentioned in the reference column. The database was compiled by Bala A., Toma-Danila D. (from the National Institute of Earth Physics, Romania - INFP) and Arion C. (from the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest, Romania - UTCB).THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Network-risk framework for ArcGIS (version 2) and Bucharest road network data and results

INFP, CRMD and UCL have developed a framework capable of analyzing the implications of natural hazards on transportation networks, also in a time-dependent manner. This is currently embedded into an ArcGIS toolbox entitled Network-risk, which has been successfully tested for Bucharest, contributing to an insightful evaluation of emergency intervention times for ambulances and firefighters, in the case of an earthquake. The files and the user manual allow a replication of our recent analysis in Toma-Danila et al. (2022) and a download of results (such as affected roads and unaccesible areas in Bucharest), in various formats. Some of the results are also presented in an ArcGIS Online app, called "Riscul seismic al Bucurestiului" (The seismic risk of Bucharest), available at https://tinyurl.com/yt32aeyx. In the files you can find:- the Bucharest road network used in the article;- facilities for Bucharest and Ilfov, such as hospitals, firestations, buildings with seismic risk or tramway lines accesible by emergency vehicles- results of the analysis: unaccesible roads and areas, service areas around facilities, closest facilities for representative points- Excel calculator for Z elevation from OpenStreetMap data- the user manual and a ArcGIS toolbox.Main citation:- Toma-Danila D., Tiganescu A., D'Ayala D., Armas I., Sun L. (2022) Time-Dependent Framework for Analyzing Emergency Intervention Travel Times and Risk Implications due to Earthquakes. Bucharest Case Study. Frontiers in Earth Science, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.834052Previous references:- Toma-Danila D., Armas I., Tiganescu A. (2020) Network-risk: an open GIS toolbox for estimating the implications of transportation network damage due to natural hazards, tested for Bucharest, Romania. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20(5): 1421-1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1421-2020- Toma-Danila D. (2018) A GIS framework for evaluating the implications of urban road network failure due to earthquakes: Bucharest (Romania) case study. Natural Hazards, 93, 97-111, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-017-3069-yTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Network-risk framework for ArcGIS (v1 and v2; Bucharest road network data included)

INFP and CRMD have recently developed a framework capable of analyzing direct and indirect implications of natural hazards on transportation networks. This is currently embedded into an ArcGIS toolbox entitled Network-risk, which has been successfully tested for Bucharest, contributing to an insightful evaluation of emergency intervention times for ambulances and firefighters, in the case of an earthquake.You will find in the files two versions of the toolbox: 1 (explained and used in Toma-Danila et al., 2020) and 2 (under review, along with the sample dataset for Bucharest). New improved versions are soon going to be published.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

3D geological model for Bucharest

This dataset contains rasters of the 3D geological model for Bucharest, elaborated by Toma-Danila D., Bala A. and Ciugudean-Toma V., within the framework of a 2022 paper which is under review. Rasters contain information regarding base depth of the first 6 principal Quaternary complexes beneath Bucharest and thicnkess of these layers. There can be also found rasters clipped to the area of high confidence (where the model error is the lowest) - available as shapefile.The model was developed based on borehole data from S.C. Metroul S.A. and from the NATO-SfPProject 981882 (original data availability can be seen in a shapefile). The interpolation method was kriging. For the model, a recent digital elevation model developed by ANCPI in 2022 was used (MNT; https://geoportal.ancpi.ro/portal/home/).THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Hospitals in Bucharest and Ilfov (Romania)

You can find here a list of hospitals in Bucharest city and Ilfov county (Romania), according to free data, joined and post-processed. Although we tried to make it as precise as we can, given the limitations of public datasets we don't guarantee that all attributes are accurrate so we don't decline any responsability in using this dataset as an authoritive data source, especially since subjective classifications of importance or seismic vulnerability are included.This dataset has been compiled and used in various studies:- Toma-Danila D., Tiganescu A., D’Ayala D., Sun L., Armas I. (in review; 2022?) Time-dependent framework for analyzing emergency intervention travel times and risk implications due to earthquakes. Bucharest case study. Frontiers in Earth Science (please use this as main citation when available, given that is significantly different than previous versions)- Toma-Danila D., Armas I., Tiganescu A. (2020) Network-risk: an open GIS toolbox for estimating the implications of transportation network damage due to natural hazards, tested for Bucharest, Romania. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20(5):1421-1439, doi: 10.5194/nhess-20-1421-2020 - Toma-Danila D. (2018) A GIS framework for evaluating the implications of urban road network failure due to earthquakes: Bucharest (Romania) case study. Natural Hazards, 93, 97-111.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

The development of the Romanian VLF/LF monitoring system as part of the international network for frontier research on earthquake precursors (INFREP)

The Romanian VLF / LF monitoring system consists in a radio receiver and the infrastructure that is necessary to record and transmit the collected data, and is part of the international initiative INFREP and was put into operation in December 2009 on the Black-Sea shore (Dobruja Seismologic Observatory - Dob-RO). Since then the system was developed by replacing the vertical antenna with a magnetic loop-type one, by installing a vertical electric field monitor and a weather station, and by designing special software for the transfer, storage and initial processing of data using the LabView software platform