Retraining as a Possibe Solution of Unemployment

katedra: KSS; přílohy: 1 CD; rozsah: 75 s.Bakalářská práce se zabývala problematikou nezaměstnanosti a podrobněji analyzovala jeden z nástrojů aktivní politiky zaměstnanosti, kterým jsou rekvalifikace. Cílem práce bylo vyhodnotit efektivitu rekvalifikací a zjistit motivaci absolventů kurzů k účasti na procesu rekvalifikace a jejich názor na tento proces. Práci tvořily dvě stěžejní oblasti. Jednalo se o část teoretickou, která pomocí zpracování a prezentace odborných zdrojů popisovala, objasňovala a vysvětlovala problematiku nezaměstnanosti a rekvalifikací. Praktická část zjišťovala pomocí analýzy sekundárních zdrojů efektivitu rekvalifikací pořádaných v roce 2009 Úřadem práce v Jablonci nad Nisou a pomocí dotazníkového šetření motivaci k rekvalifikaci a názor na rekvalifikaci u samotných účastníků těchto rekvalifikací. Výsledky analýzy sekundárních zdrojů ukazovaly na současnou nepříliš vysokou efektivitu rekvalifikací z hlediska míry umístění absolventů rekvalifikací na trh práce, z dotazníkového šetření naproti tomu vyplynula spokojenost a kladné hodnocení rekvalikací u většiny jejich účastníků. Z výsledků průzkumu vyústila konkrétní navrhovaná opatření v oblasti poskytování rekvalifikací.Bachelor thesis dealt with the problems of unemployment and further analyzed one of the active employment policy, which is retraining. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of retraining and motivation of courses graduates to participate in the process of retraining and their views on this process. The work consisted of two main areas. This was the theoretical part with the processing and presentation of expert sources describe, clarify and explain the problem of unemployment and retraining. The practical part examined using analysis of secondary sources of efficiency of retraining organized in 2009 by working in Jablonec nad Nisou, a survey by the motivation to retrain and opinion on retraining of the participants themselves of retraining. Results of analysis of secondary sources, pointing to the current not very high level of efficiency of retraining in terms of rate to place graduates into the labor market, the survey revealed the opposite satisfaction and positive assessment of retraining for most of their participants. The survey results led to specific measures proposed in the provision of retraining

COMBINATION OF ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AND COMET ASSAY FOR ANALYSIS OF DNA DAMAGE INDUCED BY PDT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of photosensitisation induced by two photosensitizers, TMPyP and ClAlPcS2, tested in vitro on the tumor cell line MCF7. The oxidative damage of DNA in MCF-7 cells was analyzed by comet assay (CA) combined with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The ability of detection of apoptotic response detected by Atomic Force Microscopy at the individual molecule level of DNA was successfully demonstrated; when DNA get damaged, cleavage to fragments caused by photodynamic treatment was directly visualized by AFM imaging of individual molecules. Its accuracy and reliability was validated through the comparison with traditional single cell agarose electrophoresis

XANTHENE DYES-MEDIATED IN VITRO PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT OF CANCER AND NON-CANCER CELL LINES

Rose bengal and erythrosin B are xanthene dyes mainly known and used as antimicrobial agents, but due to their photodynamic activity they are also potential photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy. The aim of this work is to study a photodynamic efficacy of rose bengal and erythrosin B against human skin melanoma and mouse fibroblast cell lines, compare them with each other and find out their photodynamic properties induced by light emitting diodes with total light dose of 5 J/cm2. To fully identify and understand photodynamic properties of both potentially effective photosensitizers, a set of complex in vitro tests such as cell cytotoxic assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential change assay, mode of cell death determination or comet assay were made. Although both photosensitizers proved to have similar properties such as increasing production of reactive oxygen species with the higher concentration, predominance of necrotic mode of death or genotoxicity, the more effective photosensitizer was rose bengal because its EC50 was over 20 times lower for both cell lines than in case of erythrosin B. &nbsp

IMUNOFLUORESCENČNÍ ANALÝZA PROAPOPTICKÝCH SIGNÁLNÍCH MOLEKUL V BUŇKÁCH LIDSKÉHO MELANOMU PO FOTODYNAMICKÉ TERAPII

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF PROAPOPTOTIC SIGNALING MOLECULES IN HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is connected with oxidative damage of biomolecules causing significant impairment of essential cellular functions that lead to cell death. It is the reason, why photodynamic therapy has also found its application in treatment of different oncological, cardiovascular, skin and eye diseases. The cell death after PDT is mediated by an apoptotic and/or necrotic process including activation of various biomolecules. In the presented study we have used immunofluorescence method to detect caspase 3 and 9, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in their active forms, and release of the cytochrome c as the proapoptotic protein after photodynamic treatment of human melanoma cells

VLIV ULTRAZVUKU NA ÚČINNOST FOTODYNAMICKÉ TERAPIE – IN VITRO STUDIE

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) belongs in perspective modalities of cancer treatment. It is based on the tumour-selective accumulation of a photosensitizer followed by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength. PDT is widely developed nowadays due to its high specificity and selectivity along with absence of the unadvisable side-effects. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) exploits ultrasound to induce cytotoxic effect of sensitizer. In our study we tested the possibility of combination of this therapies and icrease of efficiency. Our results suggest that irradiation in combination with application of therapeutic ultrasound increases production of reactive oxygen species and reduces viability of tumour MCF7 cells, compared to irradiation of ZnTPPS4 only, especially in the case of higher therapeutic doses. In the future, the combination of PDT and SDT can bring a new treatment modality for malignant and also nonmalignant diseases

Intracellular Trafficking of Cationic Carbon Dots in Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and HeLa—Time Lapse Microscopy, Concentration-Dependent Uptake, Viability, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Profile

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are potential tools for the labeling of cells with many advantages such as photostability, multicolor emission, small size, rapid uptake, biocompatibility, and easy preparation. Affinity towards organelles can be influenced by the surface properties of CDs which affect the interaction with the cell and cytoplasmic distribution. Organelle targeting by carbon dots is promising for anticancer treatment; thus, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of cationic CDs was investigated. Based on our previous study, we used quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) for treatment and monitoring the behavior of two human cancer cell MCF-7 and HeLa lines. We found similarities between human cancer cells and mouse fibroblasts in the case of QCDs uptake. Time lapse microscopy of QCDs-labeled MCF-7 cells showed that cells are dying during the first two hours, faster at lower doses than at higher ones. QCDs at a concentration of 100 µg/mL entered into the nucleus before cellular death; however, at a dose of 200 µg/mL, blebbing of the cellular membrane occurred, with a subsequent penetration of QCDs into the nuclear area. In the case of HeLa cells, the dose-depended effect did not happen; however, the labeled cells were also dying in mitosis and genotoxicity occurred nearly at all doses. Moreover, contrasted intracellular compartments, probably mitochondria, were obvious after 24 h incubation with 100 µg/mL of QCDs. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly increased after 24 h, depending on the concentration, thus the genotoxicity was likely evoked by the nanomaterial. A decrease in viability did not reach IC 50 as the DNA damage was probably partly repaired in the prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the defects in the G2/M phase may have allowed a damaged cell to enter mitosis and undergo apoptosis. The anticancer effect in both cell lines was manifested mainly through genotoxicity

Self-Targeting of Carbon Dots into the Cell Nucleus: Diverse Mechanisms of Toxicity in NIH/3T3 and L929 Cells

It is important to understand the nanomaterials intracellular trafficking and distribution and investigate their targeting into the nuclear area in the living cells. In our previous study, we firstly observed penetration of nonmodified positively charged carbon dots decorated with quaternary ammonium groups (QCDs) into the nucleus of mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Thus, in this work, we focused on deeper study of QCDs distribution inside two healthy mouse NIH/3T3 and L929 cell lines by fluorescence microspectroscopy and performed a comprehensive cytotoxic and DNA damage measurements. Real-time penetration of QCDs across the plasma cell membrane was recorded, concentration dependent uptake was determined and endocytic pathways were characterized. We found out that the QCDs concentration of 200 µg/mL is close to saturation and subsequently, NIH/3T3 had a different cell cycle profile, however, no significant changes in viability (not even in the case with QCDs in the nuclei) and DNA damage. In the case of L929, the presence of QCDs in the nucleus evoked a cellular death. Intranuclear environment of NIH/3T3 cells affected fluorescent properties of QCDs and evoked fluorescence blue shifts. Studying the intracellular interactions with CDs is essential for development of future applications such as DNA sensing, because CDs as DNA probes have not yet been developed

Characteristics of silver nanoparticles in vehicles for biological applications

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used for decades as anti-bacterial agents in various industrial fields such as cosmetics, health industry, food storage, textile coatings and environmental applications, although their toxicity is not fully recognized yet. Antimicrobial and catalytic activity of AgNPs depends on their size as well as structure, shape, size distribution, and physico-chemical environment. The unique properties of AgNPs require novel or modified toxicological methods for evaluation of their toxic potential combined with robust analytical methods for characterization of nanoparticles applied in relevant vehicles, e.g., culture medium with/without serum and phosphate buffered saline. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic [NT 14060-3/2013]; TBU in Zlin [IGA/FT/2014/004