4 research outputs found

    Linddynans habitatpreferenser

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    Linddynan (Biscogniauxia cinereolilacina) Ă€r en sporsĂ€cksvamp som lever pĂ„ död lindved. Svampen Ă€r vĂ€rd Ă„t fyra av de nio rödlistade och vedlevande skalbaggsarter som ingĂ„r i ÅtgĂ€rdsprogrammet för skalbaggar pĂ„ skogslind (Ehnström, 2006). De fyra arterna: lindbarkbagge (Synchita separanda), lindmögelbagge (Enicmus brevicornis), lindplattbagge (Laemophloeus monilis)och enfĂ€rgad brandsvampbagge (Diplocoeolus fagi) nyttjar svampen som föda. Det finns ingen egentlig kunskap kring linddynans habitatpreferenser,annat Ă€n att den lever pĂ„ död lindved. För att kunna utföra relevanta naturvĂ„rdsinsatser för de fyra linddynalevande skalbaggarna Ă€r det viktigt att veta nĂ„got om förutsĂ€ttningarna som pĂ„verkar linddynans förekomst. I denna studie inventerades drygt 200 lindar i park- respektive naturbestĂ„nd i Stockholms, Uppsala och VĂ€stmanlands lĂ€n. Resultaten visar att linddynan, liksom skalbaggarna, kan klara av att leva i skuggig miljö. Det Ă€r dock viktigt att de skuggiga förhĂ„llandena inte skapar ett alltför fuktigt mikroklimat, med bl.a. mosstillvĂ€xt som följd. Denna har visat sig ha en negativ effekt pĂ„ förekomsten av linddyna. Eventuellt krĂ€ver linddynan att det finns Ă€ldre trĂ€d pĂ„ lokalen för att den ska klara av att etablera sig, men studien har visat att den kan nyttja död ved frĂ„n yngre trĂ€d som substrat. Det Ă€r troligare att hitta linddyna pĂ„ grövre ved men det konstaterades att linddyna Ă€ven lever pĂ„ ved som Ă€r mindre Ă€n 4 cm i diameter. Linddynan visade sig ocksĂ„ förekomma pĂ„ alla rötstadier hos veden, frĂ„nsett pĂ„ den helt nydöda. Vi har Ă€ven funnit att linddynan inte enbart förekommer pĂ„ lindlĂ„gor, nĂ„got som man tidigare trott. Fynd gjordes pĂ„ lĂ„gor sĂ„vĂ€l som pĂ„ skadade eller döda delar av stammen hos stĂ„ende trĂ€d. Linden Ă€r ett trĂ€d som i princip alltid bör gynnas. SĂ„ mycket ved som möjligt, och av alla typer, bör sparas pĂ„ lokaler som hyser linddyna: oavsett dimension och rötstadium. Detta gynnar Ă€ven skalbaggsarterna inom Ă„tgĂ€rdsprogrammet.In the area around the Swedish lake MĂ€laren, there are many records of the saproxylic fungus Biscogniauxia cinereolilacina, living on the dead wood of linden. This fungus is the host of four beetle species: Synchita separanda,Enicmus brevicornis, Laemophloeus monilis and Diplocoeolus fagi, which feed of the fungi. These beetles are part of the nine species included in an action plan from the Swedish Environmental Agency that treat saproxylic beetles living on Tilia cordata (Ehnström, 2006). However, nothing is known about the habitat preferences of B. cinereolilacina, except that it uses dead wood of linden. To be able to apply adequate conservation actions for the beetles, more knowledge about what affects the presence or absence of B. cinereolilacina would be useful. Our study involves observations of over 200 linden in the counties of Stockholm, Uppsala and VĂ€stmanland. The results show that B. cinereolilacina can live in a shaded environment, as can the beetles. However, too humid and shaded conditions are negative as the presence of the fungus is negatively correlated to the presence of moss. It has been proposed that B. cinereolilacina requires old linden to be able to establish on a location. Yet, the fungus was found living also on the wood of young linden although in low frequencies. B. cinereolilacina was more likely to be found on coarse wood. Still, the fungus was found at lower frequencies on fine wood with a diameter of less than 4 cm. B. cinereolilacina was present on wood of all stages of decay, except on the wood that died very recently. We also found that the fungus lives on damaged or dead parts of the stem of standing trees and not exclusively on the wood of dead laying trees, which until now has been the common view. The linden should always be considered for conservation. Additionally, one ought to preserve as much of the dead wood as possible, regardless the size or the decay-level of the wood. This favours B. cinereolilacina as well as all the beetles of the action program

    Factors explaining variation in the fecundity of female Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) : the influence of length, body condition and growth rate at sea

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    Understanding factors influencing variation in fecundity is crucial to manage Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in the Baltic Sea. Larger individuals usually have a higher size-specific reproductive investment than smaller individuals, thus leading to a higher fecundity. Still, fecundity varies a lot among equally sized individuals and there is little known about what is causing this variation. In this study, I consider the effects of body length, condition and growth rate at sea on fecundity in Atlantic salmon females in the Baltic Sea. I collected fecundity data and data on growth rate history at sea in salmon originating from river DalÀlven, which returned to spawn in mid-July to September 2004-2018, after spending two years at sea. I used scales to analyze marine growth patterns of the salmon. My results show that length is the factor that has the greatest influence on Atlantic salmon fecundity. Nevertheless, the relationship between fecundity, length and body condition varies among these years. In addition, there is a declining trend of how much of the variation in fecundity that can be explained by the interactive effect of length and body condition at the time of return to the river for spawning. Using circuli formation rate and inter-circuli distance as proxies for body growth, I show that growth rate during the first and second year at sea does not add to explain fecundity variation, after accounting for length and body condition. Still, being the factor determining body length, growth rate evidently has a great indirect effect on the fecundity of female Atlantic salmon. Individuals that grew poorly during their first year at sea did not compensate for their poor growth by growing faster during their second year at sea. In addition, the two growth estimates proved not to be related, which indicates that they are in fact independent factors of marine growth rate. Though it may be other factors than marine growth patterns that are causing variation in the fecundity of same-sized female Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea, limitations to my dataset on growth rate at sea means it is still relevant to contemplate this as an independent factor possibly affecting fecundity. Furthermore, I conclude that it is important to include the rate at which circuli are formed in addition to the inter-circuli distance when using this method to similar or other studies in the future

    FjĂ€llbacka, VĂ€sterhavet, 1989–2019; Torhamn, södra Egentliga Östersjön, 2002–2019; KvĂ€döfjĂ€rden, Egentliga Östersjön, 1981–2019; Holmöarna, Bottniska viken, 1989–2019

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    Inom den nationella miljöövervakningen av kust och hav bedrivs Ă„rligen sedan slutet av 1980-talet ett program för integrerad kustfiskövervakning i fyra nationella referensomrĂ„den, ett vardera i Bottniska viken, Egentliga Östersjön, södra Egentliga Östersjön och VĂ€sterhavet. Syftet med programmet Ă€r att kartlĂ€gga fiskbestĂ„ndens status samt fiskens hĂ€lsotillstĂ„nd och miljögiftsbelastning för att upptĂ€cka förĂ€ndringar som indikerar storskalig pĂ„verkan av miljöhot som eutrofiering, miljögifter, klimatförĂ€ndringar och andra miljöfaktorer. Detta faktablad sammanfattar resultaten frĂ„n den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i alla fyra omrĂ„den under tidsperioden 1980–2019
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