側頭筋を貫通する顎動脈の一例

We found a case of the right maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle in a 71-year-old Japanese male cadaver during an anatomical dissection carried out at Iwate Medical University in 2005. The main route of the maxillary artery in this case was running near the infratemporal ridge which was the extreme inferior origin of the temporal muscle. The origin of the pierced muscle bundle by this artery was from the infratemporal ridge to the infratemporal fossa. At the mastication, the route of the maxillary artery piercing the temporal muscle was thought productive of a disturbance in the bloodstream. We alerted the surgeon about the route in this case when the operation area reached the pterygopalatine fossa

A case of the paired inferior venae cavae

解剖実習遺体に重複下大静脈の1例を見い出した。この例は左右の上主静脈の残存に起因するものと考えられ,McClureとButler(1925),及びChuangら(1974)の分類法のBC型に分類される。重複下大静脈はさほど稀な変異ではなく,臨床家は注意をはらう必要がある。下大静脈の重複は,右精巣または卵巣静脈の流入部位が下大静脈から右腎静脈に移行するなどの,静脈系の他の変化を誘因するかもしれない。また,この変異は精巣または卵巣静脈の重複を引き起こすことを示唆する。We encountered a case of duplication of the inferior vena cava in a cadaver. This was thought to be caused by persistence of the right and the left supracardinal veins, and this case was classified as type BC in the classification systems developed by McClure and Butler (1925) and Chuang et al. (1974). Double inferior vena cava is not a rare anomaly, and clinicians should be aware of this anomaly. Duplication of the inferior vena cava may cause other changes in the venous system, such as dislocation of the drainage position of the right gonadal vein from the inferior vena cava to the right renal vein. We also suggest that this anomaly causes duplication of the gonadal vein

Two cases of bifid ribs observed in the fourth and the fifth rib

岩手医科大学歯学部の解剖学実習において2例の二分肋骨に遭遇した。1例は第4肋骨に,他の1例は第5肋骨に存在していた。1例では肋骨の分岐と再癒合が骨部でおこっていたが,他の1例では,分岐と再癒合が軟骨部でおこっていた。分枝の間は正常と思われる肋間筋で充たされていた。どちらの例においても,内胸動脈からの小枝が二分肋骨の上方の分枝と肋間筋に分布していたが,肋間神経は上方の分枝には分布せず,下方の分枝の下縁にのみ沿って走行していた。Two cases of bifid rib were found in two cadavers during routine dissections at Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry. They were found in the fourth rib in one cadaver, and in the fifth rib in the other cadaver. In one case both the branching and the reunion of the rib occurred in the osseous part, and in the other case they occurred in the cartilage part. The space between the two branches was filled with presumably normal intercostal muscles. The blood supply had been maintained by small branches from the internal thoracic artery to the upper branch and the intercostal muscles. However, the intercostal nerves did not branch toward the upper branch but only ran along the lower margin of the lower branch of the bifid rib in both cases

Frequency distribution of fibril diameter.

<p>A: dermis. Dermis in S_a (stippled bars), in S_b (diagonally hatched bars) and in S_c (filled bars) are compared. B: Dermis treated with Triton. Triton-treated dermis (diagonally hatched bars) and Triton-FT dermis (stippled bars) are compared. C: Collagen suspensions. The samples aggregated by tensilin (diagonally hatched bars), dispersed by softenin (stippled bars) or dispersed by FT-treatment (stippled bars with horizontal stripes) are compared. The diameter class 20, for example, includes the fibrils with the diameter equal to or larger than 20 nm and less than 40 nm. The total numbers of measured fibrils were: 180 for each state in A, 180 for each treatment in B, and 30 for each solution. In this and Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155673#pone.0155673.g006" target="_blank">6</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155673#pone.0155673.g007" target="_blank">7</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155673#pone.0155673.g008" target="_blank">8</a> the slant hatching and the stippling denote that the samples were in the state that mechanically corresponded to the standard state and to the soft state respectively.</p

Electron micrographs of dermis treated with Triton.

<p>A: Triton-FT dermis; B: Triton-treated dermis. Fibrils in cross sectional view are compared. Scale bar, 100 nm.</p

Electron micrograph of dermis in the standard state cut transversely to the strain direction.

<p>Collagen fibrils in cross sections are observed. In this, and Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155673#pone.0155673.g004" target="_blank">4</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155673#pone.0155673.g009" target="_blank">9</a>, unlabelled arrows denote cross-bridges between fibrils. Arrow marked a: fibril with a meandering perimeter that folds deeply towards the center of the fibril, suggesting that the fibril is possibly made of 4 subfibrils. Arrow marked b: thick fibril containing an electron-lucent area in which an electron-dense spot is observed at the border of the electron-lucent area. Arrow marked c: electron-dense spot on the perimeter of fibrils. Scale bar, 100 nm.</p