Governmental Discussion on the Private Capital Participation in the Trans-Caspian Railway Construction in the Late XIX Century

The ambivalence of the approaches of Russian ministries at the end of the XIX century is demonstrated, in relation to public-private partnership in the framework of the implementation of the railway project in the Trans-Caspian General Government.There is presented a system of arguments in support of this approach and against it; the author clarifies the reason for the government’s rejection of the idea of public-private partnership in the construction of the Trans-Caspian railway. The source base of the study is the protocols of the meeting of the government commission, letters from government officials, statistical information on the turnover of commodities with Persia and other materials stored in the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire and in the Central State Archive of Moscow. The author concludes that the formal basis for rejecting the application of entrepreneurs for the implementation of this railway was the ineffectiveness of the financial model of their participation in the framework of this project. The real reason for this decision was the position of the officials of the government departments that opposed attracting private investors to the implementation of this transport project in the Central Asian region due to the military-strategic and geopolitical aspects

Евразийский экономический союз в контексте санкционной политики

The article is devoted to the analysis of sanctions policy in relation to the leading economies of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We note the main risks and threats to the national economies of the countries of this union in the context of challenges in the sphere of economic policy. The application of possible protective collective measures by the EAEU countries in response to sanctions is assessed. There is an important role of the EAEU in the development of national economies, in the convergence of economies and management systems of the members.El presente artículo está dedicado al análisis de la política de sanciones en relación con las economías de los países de la Unión Económica Euroasiática (UEE). El documento señala los principales riesgos y amenazas existentes para los sistemas económicos de dichos Estados en el contexto de los desafíos en el ámbito de la política económica. En el artículo se evalúa la aplicación de posibles medidas colectivas de protección por los países de la UEE en respuesta a las sanciones. Asimismo, el artículo establece el importante papel de la UEE en el desarrollo de las economías nacionales, en la convergencia de las economías y en los sistemas de gestión de los Estados miembros.Статья посвящена анализу санкционной политики в отношении ведущих экономик стран Евразийского Экономического Союза. Отмечаются основные риски и угрозы национальным экономикам стран ЕАЭС в контексте вызовов в сфере экономической политики. Оцениваются применение возможных защитных коллективных мер странами ЕАЭС в ответ на санкции. Установлена важная роль ЕАЭС в развитии национальных экономик, в конвергенции экономик и систем управления стран-участниц

The historical role of Islam in the public life of the Central Asian region of the CIS in the XX – XXI centuries

The article is devoted to the historical and contemporary aspects of Islam in Central Asia. It shows the confessional policy of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in Turkestan. The document proves that this policy was based on a combination of “hard” and “soft” management techniques and concludes that regional policies contributed to the transformation process in Central Asia. Furthermore, the article shows the role of Islam in regional modernization processes and the author identifies the key elements of the religious situation in the region, showing the main religious groups in the local Islamic communities. The paper notes the features of government policy in Central Asia in regard to Islam