Algorithm, mathematical models and analysis of axle counting systems

The article discusses one of the sensors that is widely used to determine the location of a train with an axle counting system, namely the axle counter, since various types of sensors, such as track circuits, eurobalises, etc., are widely used in railway automation at stages and stations. The study consists in identifying the failure of the railway car counting axle under the influence of disturbing factors, namely the influence of weather conditions, terrain, the influence of rail magnetization, which leads to a malfunction of the axle counting system. The research method was to determine the failure in the calculation of the axles of the train, when, for unknown reasons, false information was shown, it turned out that when switching from diesel traction to electric rail, it is a grounding circuit, and the electrochemical effect also manifests itself, which leads to the accumulation of electrical energy. The research method consists in determining these factors; for this, algorithmic expressions were developed and the principle of operation of the axle counter was investigated. As a result, it was found that with electric traction, rail magnetization and magnetization between rail tracks, an accumulator effect, occur. The influence of the disturbing factor is calculated and shown by the distance to the sensitive element of the control sensor, the magnitude of the electromagnetic field intensity modulus, which affects the operation of the axle count sensor. In conclusion, protection methods based on adaptive protection methods are proposed

Algorithm and software tools for optimizing the preparation of routes on high-speed lines based on RFID technology

On railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on hauls "Dashtabad - Zarbdar" and "Dashtabad - Bayaut" on section Tashkent - Samarkand and Navoi - Bukhara - 1, on section Samarkand – Bukhara organized high-speed train traffic, where hauls with a SAB microprocessor system were modernized on basis of axle counting system, produced by "Promelectronica". For the preparation of routes when departing or receiving at station, especially on high-speed sections, preparation is carried out with a large investment of time, which, in turn, interrupts the technological work carried out at the station. Offered with microprocessor semi-automatic lock on the axle counts, apply for establish routes RFID points, because maintenance and economic component are minimal. Accordingly, after examining the points and deriving analytical equations, algorithms and software tools were proposed. Key words: high-speed line, high-speed traffic, train, station, stage, mixed traffic, microprocessor-based semi-automatic blocking

A randomised controlled trial of an intervention delivered by app instant messaging to increase the acceptability of effective contraception among young people in Tajikistan: study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Women in lower income countries experience unintended pregnancies at a higher rate compared with women in higher income countries. Unintended pregnancy is associated with numerous poorer health outcomes for both women and their children. In Tajikistan, an estimated 26% of married individuals aged 15-24 years have an unmet need for contraception. The strong cultural value placed on childbearing and oppositional attitudes towards contraception are major barriers to contraceptive uptake in the country.Mobile phone ownership is widespread in Tajikistan. The option of receiving reproductive health support on your personal phone may be an appealing alternative to attending a clinic, particularly for young people. The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the Tajik Family Planning Association have partnered to develop and evaluate a contraceptive behavioural intervention delivered by mobile phone. The intervention was developed in 2015-2016 guided by behavioural science. It consists of short instant messages sent through an app over 4 months, contains information about contraception and behaviour change methods. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This randomised controlled trial is designed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on self-reported acceptability of effective contraception at 4 months. 570 men and women aged 16-24 years will be allocated with a ratio of 1:1 to receive the intervention messages or the control messages about trial participation. The messages will be sent through the Tajik Family Planning Association's 'healthy lifestyles' app, which contains basic information about contraception. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial was granted ethical approval by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Interventions Research Ethics Committee on 16 May 2016 and by the Tajik National Scientific and Research Centre on Paediatrics and Child Surgery on 15 April 2016. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to study stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02905513. DATE OF REGISTRATION: 14 September 2016. WHO TRIAL REGISTRATION DATASET: http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NCT02905513

A randomized controlled trial of an intervention delivered by mobile phone app instant messaging to increase the acceptability of effective contraception among young people in Tajikistan.

BACKGROUND: Unintended pregnancy is associated with poorer health outcomes for women and their families. In Tajikistan, around 26% of married 15-24 year old women have an unmet need for contraception. There is some evidence that interventions delivered by mobile phone can affect contraceptive-related behaviour and knowledge. We developed an intervention delivered by mobile phone app instant messaging to improve acceptability of effective contraceptive methods among young people in Tajikistan. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial among Tajik people aged 16-24. Participants allocated to the intervention arm had access to an app plus intervention messages. Participants allocated to the control arm had access to the app plus control messages. The primary outcome was acceptability of at least one method of effective contraception at 4 months. Secondary outcomes were use of effective contraception at 4 months and during the study, acceptability of individual methods, service uptake, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion. Process outcomes were knowledge, perceived norms, personal agency and intention. Outcomes were analysed using logistic and linear regression. We conducted a pre-specified subgroup analysis and a post-hoc analysis of change in acceptability from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: Five hundred and seventy-three participants were enrolled. Intervention content was included on the app, causing contamination. Four hundred and seventy-two (82%) completed follow-up for the primary outcome. There was no evidence of a difference in acceptability of effective contraception between the groups (66% in the intervention arm vs 64% in the control arm, adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI .80-1.83, p = 0.36). There were no differences in the secondary or process outcomes between groups. There was some evidence that the effect of the intervention was greater among women compared to men (interaction test p = 0.03). There was an increase in acceptability of effective contraception from baseline to follow-up (2% to 65%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The whole intervention delivered by instant messaging provided no additional benefit over a portion of the intervention delivered by app pages. The important increase in contraceptive acceptability from baseline to follow-up suggests that the intervention content included on the app may influence attitudes. Further research is needed to establish the effect of the intervention on attitudes towards and use of effective contraception among married/sexually active young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02905513 . Date of registration: 14 September 2016

Method for determining sensor parameters railway automatics

The article analyzes the operation of relative track circuits, which shows that they are able to provide reliable control of the state of the rail line in extreme climatic conditions. Reliable operation of relative track circuits can be carried out at very low values of insulation resistance, down to 0.1 Ohm km and below. The method of monitoring the state of the rail line, based on fixing the voltage of the receiving end before the train approaches and then determining the threshold values, significantly expands the range of changes in the insulation resistance, in which the normal operation of the track circuit is possible. The goal is to represent the track circuit, where the theory of the rail line is used according to the standard of the track circuit operating modes, at present many factors have not been taken into account for high-speed traffic, one of these is the transmission resistance with insulation resistance, the influence of disturbing and other factors. Mathematical modeling has been developed to determine the insulation resistance in various weather conditions

Analysis of the differences between Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 5

While Wi-Fi 5 is still sufficient for many organizations and businesses, it is important to consider and upgrade to Wi-Fi 6. This article discusses the main differences between Wi-Fi 5 and Wi-Fi 6. The goal is to identify key metrics transmission of information content of signals, a method for determining the best use of Wi-Fi signals for certain categories of use, an analysis and study of the influence of frequencies on the quality of transmitted information, and also analyzes the growth rate of an organization using these technologies. Using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access connection principle, Wi-Fi 6 technology provides the main advantage of performing multiple receptions and transmissions at the same time. Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output technology allows routers to communicate with all devices at the same time, resulting in maximum packet exchange. Using the Basic Service Set (BSS) color scheme, we can see that Wi-Fi 6 is far ahead of previous technologies

Algorithm and software tools for optimizing the preparation of routes on high-speed lines based on RFID technology

On railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on hauls "Dashtabad - Zarbdar" and "Dashtabad - Bayaut" on section Tashkent - Samarkand and Navoi - Bukhara - 1, on section Samarkand – Bukhara organized high-speed train traffic, where hauls with a SAB microprocessor system were modernized on basis of axle counting system, produced by "Promelectronica". For the preparation of routes when departing or receiving at station, especially on high-speed sections, preparation is carried out with a large investment of time, which, in turn, interrupts the technological work carried out at the station. Offered with microprocessor semi-automatic lock on the axle counts, apply for establish routes RFID points, because maintenance and economic component are minimal. Accordingly, after examining the points and deriving analytical equations, algorithms and software tools were proposed. Key words: high-speed line, high-speed traffic, train, station, stage, mixed traffic, microprocessor-based semi-automatic blocking

Algorithm, mathematical models and analysis of axle counting systems

The article discusses one of the sensors that is widely used to determine the location of a train with an axle counting system, namely the axle counter, since various types of sensors, such as track circuits, eurobalises, etc., are widely used in railway automation at stages and stations. The study consists in identifying the failure of the railway car counting axle under the influence of disturbing factors, namely the influence of weather conditions, terrain, the influence of rail magnetization, which leads to a malfunction of the axle counting system. The research method was to determine the failure in the calculation of the axles of the train, when, for unknown reasons, false information was shown, it turned out that when switching from diesel traction to electric rail, it is a grounding circuit, and the electrochemical effect also manifests itself, which leads to the accumulation of electrical energy. The research method consists in determining these factors; for this, algorithmic expressions were developed and the principle of operation of the axle counter was investigated. As a result, it was found that with electric traction, rail magnetization and magnetization between rail tracks, an accumulator effect, occur. The influence of the disturbing factor is calculated and shown by the distance to the sensitive element of the control sensor, the magnitude of the electromagnetic field intensity modulus, which affects the operation of the axle count sensor. In conclusion, protection methods based on adaptive protection methods are proposed

Four-Pole Rail Coefficients Of The Jointless Track Circuit In The Presence Of One Of The Ends Track Circuit Insulating Joints

The article describes the equivalent circuit of a jointless rail circuit with one throttle transformer and derives equations for the analysis and synthesis of rail circuits when powered on one side. A mathematical model and analytical expressions are developed taking into account the resistance of the rails and the resistance of the insulation. The coefficients of a rail four-poul with one throttle transformer supply voltage on the one hand. The calculated expressions of the four-terminal devices and the sensitivity criteria of the rail circuit when a single line breaks, as well as the minimum transmission resistance, are presented and derived