400 research outputs found
Quantum-tunneling dynamics of a spin-polarized Fermi gas in a double-well potential
We study the exact dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-polarized gas of
fermions in a double-well potential at zero and finite temperature. Despite the
system is made of non-interacting fermions, its dynamics can be quite complex,
showing strongly aperiodic spatio-temporal patterns during the tunneling. The
extension of these results to the case of mixtures of spin-polarized fermions
in interaction with self-trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at zero
temperature is considered as well. In this case we show that the fermionic
dynamics remains qualitatively similar to the one observed in absence of BEC
but with the Rabi frequencies of fermionic excited states explicitly depending
on the number of bosons and on the boson-fermion interaction strength. From
this, the possibility to control quantum fermionic dynamics by means of
Feshbach resonances is suggested.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Unitary representations of super Lie groups and applications to the classification and multiplet structure of super particles
It is well known that the category of super Lie groups (SLG) is equivalent to
the category of super Harish-Chandra pairs (SHCP). Using this equivalence, we
define the category of unitary representations (UR's) of a super Lie group. We
give an extension of the classical inducing construction and Mackey
imprimitivity theorem to this setting. We use our results to classify the
irreducible unitary representations of semidirect products of super translation
groups by classical Lie groups, in particular of the super Poincar\'e groups in
arbitrary dimension. Finally we compare our results with those in the physical
literature on the structure and classification of super multiplets.Comment: 55 pages LaTeX, some corrections added after comments by Prof. Pierre
Delign
Beliaev damping of the Goldstone mode in atomic Fermi superfluids
Beliaev damping in a superfluid is the decay of a collective excitation into
two lower frequency collective excitations; it represents the only decay mode
for a bosonic collective excitation in a superfluid at T = 0. The standard
treatment for this decay assumes a linear spectrum, which in turn implies that
the final state momenta must be collinear to the initial state. We extend this
treatment, showing that the inclusion of a gradient term in the Hamiltonian
yields a realistic spectrum for the bosonic excitations; we then derive a
formula for the decay rate of such excitations, and show that even moderate
nonlinearities in the spectrum can yield substantial deviations from the
standard result. We apply our result to an attractive Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC
crossover: here the low-energy bosonic collective excitations are density
oscillations driven by the phase of the pairing order field. These collective
excitations, which are gapless modes as a consequence of the Goldstone
mechanism, have a spectrum which is well established both theoretically and
experimentally, and whose linewidth, we show, is determined at low temperatures
by the Beliaev decay mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Positive operator valued measures covariant with respect to an irreducible representation
Given an irreducible representation of a group G, we show that all the
covariant positive operator valued measures based on G/Z, where Z is a central
subgroup, are described by trace class, trace one positive operators.Comment: 9 pages, Latex2
Shock waves in strongly interacting Fermi gas from time-dependent density functional calculations
Motivated by a recent experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 150401 (2011)] we
simulate the collision between two clouds of cold Fermi gas at unitarity
conditions by using an extended Thomas-Fermi density functional. At variance
with the current interpretation of the experiments, where the role of viscosity
is emphasized, we find that a quantitative agreement with the experimental
observation of the dynamics of the cloud collisions is obtained within our
superfluid effective hydrodynamics approach, where density variations during
the collision are controlled by a purely dispersive quantum gradient term. We
also suggest different initial conditions where dispersive density ripples can
be detected with the available experimental spatial resolution.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Normal completely positive maps on the space of quantum operations
Quantum supermaps are higher-order maps transforming quantum operations into
quantum operations. Here we extend the theory of quantum supermaps, originally
formulated in the finite dimensional setting, to the case of higher-order maps
transforming quantum operations with input in a separable von Neumann algebra
and output in the algebra of the bounded operators on a given separable Hilbert
space. In this setting we prove two dilation theorems for quantum supermaps
that are the analogues of the Stinespring and Radon-Nikodym theorems for
quantum operations. Finally, we consider the case of quantum superinstruments,
namely measures with values in the set of quantum supermaps, and derive a
dilation theorem for them that is analogue to Ozawa's theorem for quantum
instruments. The three dilation theorems presented here show that all the
supermaps defined in this paper can be implemented by connecting devices in
quantum circuits.Comment: 47 pages (in one-column format), including new results about quantum
operations on separable von Neumann algebra
Constructing Extremal Compatible Quantum Observables by Means of Two Mutually Unbiased Bases
We describe a particular class of pairs of quantum observables which are extremal in the convex set of all pairs of compatible quantum observables. The pairs in this class are constructed as uniformly noisy versions of two mutually unbiased bases (MUB) with possibly different noise intensities affecting each basis. We show that not all pairs of MUB can be used in this construction, and we provide a criterion for determining those MUB that actually do yield extremal compatible observables. We apply our criterion to all pairs of Fourier conjugate MUB, and we prove that in this case extremality is achieved if and only if the quantum system Hilbert space is odd-dimensional. Remarkably, this fact is no longer true for general non-Fourier conjugate MUB, as we show in an example. Therefore, the presence or the absence of extremality is a concrete geometric manifestation of MUB inequivalence, that already materializes by comparing sets of no more than two bases at a time
Matter-wave vortices in cigar-shaped and toroidal waveguides
We study vortical states in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) filling a
cigar-shaped trap. An effective one-dimensional (1D) nonpolynomial Schroedinger
equation (NPSE) is derived in this setting, for the models with both repulsive
and attractive inter-atomic interactions. Analytical formulas for the density
profiles are obtained from the NPSE in the case of self-repulsion within the
Thomas-Fermi approximation, and in the case of the self-attraction as exact
solutions (bright solitons). A crucially important ingredient of the analysis
is the comparison of these predictions with direct numerical solutions for the
vortex states in the underlying 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE). The
comparison demonstrates that the NPSE provides for a very accurate
approximation, in all the cases, including the prediction of the stability of
the bright solitons and collapse threshold for them. In addition to the
straight cigar-shaped trap, we also consider a torus-shaped configuration. In
that case, we find a threshold for the transition from the axially uniform
state, with the transverse intrinsic vorticity, to a symmetry-breaking pattern,
due to the instability in the self-attractive BEC filling the circular trap.Comment: 6 pages, Physical Review A, in pres
Extended Thomas-Fermi Density Functional for the Unitary Fermi Gas
We determine the energy density and the gradient
correction of the extended Thomas-Fermi
(ETF) density functional, where is number density and is Fermi
energy, for a trapped two-components Fermi gas with infinite scattering length
(unitary Fermi gas) on the basis of recent diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC)
calculations [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 99}, 233201 (2007)]. In particular we find
that and give the best fit of the DMC data with an
even number of particles. We also study the odd-even splitting of the ground-state energy for the unitary gas in a
harmonic trap of frequency determining the constant . Finally
we investigate the effect of the gradient term in the time-dependent ETF model
by introducing generalized Galilei-invariant hydrodynamics equations.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; corrected some typos; published in Phys.
Rev. A; added erratum: see also the unpublished diploma thesis of Marco
Manzoni (supervisors: N. Manini and L. Salasnich) at
http://www.mi.infm.it/manini/theses/manzoni.pd
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